Research Papers - Dept of Computer Systems Engineering
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Publication Open Access A novel application with explainable machine learning (SHAP and LIME) to predict soil N, P, and K nutrient content in cabbage cultivation(Elsevier B.V., 2025-03-06) Abekoon, T; Sajindra, H; Rathnayake, N; Ekanayake, I, U; Jayakody, A; Rathnayake, UCabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) is commonly cultivated in high altitudes and features dense, tightly packed leaves. The Green Coronet variety is well-known for its robust growth and culinary versatility. Maximizing yield is crucial for food sustainability. It is essential to predict the soil’s major nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) to maximize the yield. Artificial intelligence is widely used for non-linear predictions with explainability. This research assessed the predictive capabilities of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels with explainable machine learning methods over an 85-day cabbage growth period. Experiments were conducted on cabbage plants grown in central hills of Sri Lanka. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) were used to clarify the model’s predictions. SHAP analysis showed that high feature values of the number of days and plant average leaf area negatively impacted for nutrient predictions, while high feature values of leaf count and plant height had a positive effect on the nutrient predictions. To validate the results, 15 greenhouse-grown cabbage plants at various growth stages were selected. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels were measured and compared with the predicted values. These insights help refine predictive models and optimize agricultural practices. A user-friendly application was developed to improve the accessibility and interpretation of predictions. This tool is a user-friendly platform for end-users, enabling effective use of the model’s predictive capabilities.Publication Embargo Forecasting Model of Combining Mini Batch K Means and Kohonen Maps to Cluster and Evaluate Gait Kinematics Data(IEEE, 2022-10-04) Indumini, U; Jayakody, AWhen people are getting old, some gait abnormalities may have happened in their walking patterns. It means, there may be slight differences in their physical performance. Due to the complexity of that evaluation, a machine learning algorithm can be used to cluster the gait patterns. Kohonen Maps (KM) and mini-batch k-means (MBKM) have been combined to cluster the gait parameters according to the age groups to identify the principal gait characteristics which are affected to the walking pattern. Dataset is consisting of 180 gait data based on the data which have been gained through the inertial measurement unit (IMU). When analysing the results, the proposed algorithm is showing low computational cost and time which is more efficient. As well the results have been proved that the cadence is the most important and affected gait parameter when caused to a walking pattern of a person when he or she is getting older. These results provide clues for the health professionals to identify and evaluate the difficulties of walking patterns of patients according to age.Publication Embargo Common Object Request Broker-based Publisher-Subscriber Middleware for Internet of Things - Edge Computing(IEEE, 2022-10-04) Perera, H; Jayakody, AThe edge computing layer in IoT reduces the flow of a massive amount of data directly to the cloud by processing some data in the local network. The middleware in the layer enables this processing of data and the communication between heterogeneous devices and services in the nearby layers. CORBA, which uses as a powerful middleware technology in developing middleware solutions in enterprise-level distributed applications, has been abandoned in the current generation. The paper presents the design, and the performance evaluation of a publisher-subscriber middleware implemented using CORBA that was studied when exploring the applicability of CORBA as an IoT edge computing middleware. The evaluation was continued in two steps to analyse several parallel connections (Load test) and handle requests in a unit time (burst test) via simulating an IoT environment in a cloud environment.Publication Embargo A Smart Aquaponic System for Enhancing The Revenue of Farmers in Sri Lanka(IEEE, 2022-10-19) Ekanayake, D; de Alwis, P; Harshana, P; Munasinghe, D; Jayakody, A; Gamage, NSri Lanka's agricultural sector confronts serious challenges from fertilizer shortages and agriculture-related chemical scarcity. Innovations comparable to aquaponic systems may be offered to Sri Lankan farmers to overcome these difficulties using IoT and ML technology. This research scope is to implement a smart and secure aquaponic environment monitoring system to forecast plant and fish growth factors, provide Sri Lankan farmers with insights into the environment's behaviors, and take measures according to the predictions utilizing control mechanisms. In this research, more exact predictions have been generated by the Random Forest algorithm model rather than the LSTM model, and most of the investigated parameters given good accuracy according to the absolute mean error (Media TDS-1.95, Media pH-0.06, Media Temperature-0.49, Env. Temperature- 0.94, Env. Humidity-2.70) except the environment light intensity (64.11). The ML solution studied in this research paper would increase the quality of traditional agriculture in Sri Lanka for greater productivity and economic benefit.Publication Embargo Guide-Me:Voice authenticated indoor user guidance system(IEEE, 2021-12-01) Dissanayake, D. M. L. V; Rajapaksha, R. G. M. D. R. P; Prabhashawara, U. P; Solanga, S. A. D. S.P; Jayakody, ADue to a lack of knowledge about the building structure and possible impediments, the majority of blind persons require assistance when traveling through unknown regions. To solve this issue, this paper provides "Guide-Me" as a strategy for indoor navigation with optimum accessibility, usability, and security, decreasing obstacles that the user may meet when traveling through indoor surroundings. Because the intended audience for this research is blind or visually impaired persons, "Guide-Me" makes use of the user’s voice-based inputs. This paper also includes Bluetooth beacon integration for localization, a Smart stick with sensors for obstacle detection, a machine learning model for voice authentication, and an algorithm protocol for a secure connection between server and application Integration driven architecture to assist vision impaired in navigating the known and unknown indoor environment.Publication Embargo Converting high resolution multi-lingual printed document images in to editable text using image processing and artificial intelligence(IEEE, 2022-06-21) Jayakody, A; Premachandra, H. W. H; Kawanaka, HThe optical character recognition technique is used to convert information, mainly printed or handwritten text in paper materials, into an electronic format that the computers can edit. According to the literature, there are few competent OCR systems for recognizing multilingual characters in the form of Sinhala and English characters together. The lack of an appropriate technology to recognize multilingual text still remains as a problem that the current research community must address, and it has been designated as the key problem for this study. The main goal of this research is to develop a multilingual character recognition system that uses character image geometry features and Artificial Neural Networks to recognize printed Sinhala and English scripts together. It is intended that the solution would be improved to cover three Sri Lanka’s most commonly spoken languages, with the addition of Tamil as a later upgrade. The primary technologies for this study were character geometry features and Artificial Neural Networks. At the moment almost an 85% of success rate has been achieved with a database containing around 800 images, which are divided into 46 characters (20 Sinhala and 26 English), and each character is represented in 20 different forms of character images. Recognition of text from printed bi-lingual documents is experimented by extracting individual character data from such printed text documents and feeding them to the system.Publication Embargo Agro-Mate: A Virtual Assister to Maximize Crop Yield in Agriculture Sector(IEEE, 2021-12-09) Dayalini, S; Sathana, M; Navodya, P. R. N; Weerakkodi, R. W. A. I. M. N; Jayakody, A; Gamage, NInformation Technology plays a vital role in the agriculture industry. The main goal of the project is to develop a mobile application to support farmers to take accurate decisions and help them with activities such as soil quality determination, best crop selection, rice disease prediction, and disaster prediction for the wet zone of Sri Lanka. To achieve the main goal the project has incorporated advanced technologies such as Deep Learning, Image Processing (IP), Internet of Things (IoT), and Machine Learning that can support farmers or investors in a way to maximize yield. ‘Agro-Mate’ application is developed in a way to facilitate the agriculture industry. ‘Agro-Mate’ consists of four components such as soil quality determination and fertilizer recommendation, best crop selection, rice disease prediction and recommendation, and natural disaster prediction and providing the recommendation. Also, the application suggests fertilizer when soil is lacking quality and provides recommendations whenever rice diseases or natural disasters are identified. The usage of android mobile devices in agriculture is one of the key components of the sector's growth, which facilitates the farmer's inaccurate decision-making to gain more quality and quantity of crops. Agro-mate’ is more likely to increase the productivity of crops and indirectly increase the GDP of Sri Lanka.Publication Open Access Digital Talking Book(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280314319, 2015-07) Thirasi, W. A. P. B; Illangasinghe, I. M. B. S. C; Dickwella, U. P; Jayakody, A; Peiris, G. C; Lokuliyana, SThis paper, presents user friendly ways to read books for print disable individuals. "Reading" is the process of looking at a series of written symbols and making meaning from them. However, there, the print disabled who are, the blind, partially sighted, dyslexics, those with visual impairments, physically disabled, and learning-disabled who have difficulty in accessing print media information. Digital talking books are the significant technology for the print disabled community to access printed media information. The Digital Accessible Information System (DAISY) technology; it is an open international standard for accessible multimedia developed by libraries serving persons with print disabilities in collaboration with the target users around the globe. The proposed “Talking Book" improves the blind users' ability to read digital daisy books. The main function of the talking book player; computer memory and retrieves bookmarks, automatically unzip downloaded zip files and convert them into readable manner. Additionally, it consists predefined gestures and voice commands to navigate through the pages in the diligence. This paper presents a user interface with an easy-to-distinguish layout, auditory output and gestural input that enables visually impaired people to interact with an Android smartphone device.Publication Open Access Efficient API Migration across Environments(2017) Jayakody, A; Perera, A. K. A; Perera, G. L. A. K. N; Wijayaweera, V. P; Ali, M. A. M. ADevelopment organization maintain separate environments for development, quality assurance and production etc. These environments execute independently and have their deployments, and own methods of traffics controlling that are handled locally. Under such a process Application programming interface (API) artifacts allowed to be created only at development environment, tested in QA (Quality Assurance) environment and then would promote to the production environment prior releasing to the market. When moving API management products from one environment to another, all the created APIs need to migrate across different environments to test the exact functionality and behavior of the application. Purpose of this implemented tool is to minimize the effort and time in recreating APIs and facilitate the accurate and efficient migration across different environments without any major post migration changes and additional effort. Most of the API managing products as well as API publishers engaging with API imports and exports of APIs will be the beneficiary parties of this product. Firm analysis of the current migration techniques uses by trending API Management products reveled major sieve point that needed to be address. Final tool will be an executable file which can be plug and play via the command line interface. This tool can be used by any REST (Representational state transfer) based API managing applications without major configuration changes. Other than import and export functionality, tool equipped with built-in authentication mechanism to ensure the security of the publisher proprietary of the APIs, API subscription and single cluster deployment via minikube and Google cloudPublication Open Access Formulation of a National Framework for the Digital Transformation of Sri Lanka’s Public Bus Transport System(University of Moratuwa, 2019) Dunuwila, V. R; Jayakody, A; Weerawardhana, R. T; Pabasara, W. A. S; Ketipearachchi, U. S; Sunas, H. Mformation of Sri Lanka’s public bus transport system would result in the delivery of a quality transportation experience to passengers while minimizing traffic congestion in Colombo as the availability of a high-quality bus transport service would encourage citizens to use public transport more often instead of their own private vehicles. 32 The proposed research contrasts with other researches as it facilitates the development of a Digitized National framework that would be applicable to the entire bus transport system of the country. Furthermore, it would be beneficial if the passengers are provided with an integrated up-to-date solution where information such as the location of the bus, arrival time, bus fare, duration and journey distance is available in real-time. Besides, the study is also significant as this area has not been much focused academically in the Sri Lankan context. The Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation, National Transport Commission (NTC), Sri Lanka Transport Board (SLTB) and Sri Lanka Private Bus Owners Association will be the main organizations benefitted by this research in addition to passengers travelling in and out of Colombo.