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Author: search.filters.author.Jayathilaka, RSubject: search.filters.subject.Asia

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    Air pollution, socioeconomic development, and ischaemic heart disease mortality in Asia
    (Springer Science and Business Media, 2026-07) Cooray, D; Jayathilaka, R
    Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD) remains one of the leading causes of global mortality. Recent evidence indicates a persistent upward trend in IHD mortality in Asia, despite declines in many other regions. Increasing exposure to ambient air pollution, together with socioeconomic and behavioural transitions, suggests that environmental and social determinants may play an important role in shaping regional cardiovascular outcomes. This study investigates the combined influence of air pollution, socioeconomic development, behavioural factors, and pathological conditions on IHD mortality across 31 Asian countries from 2000 to 2021. Panel regression techniques were employed to capture temporal dynamics and cross-country heterogeneity. These were complemented by country-specific linear regressions to identify differential national-level effects. The analysis focuses on ambient particulate matter (PM2.5), alcohol consumption, anaemia prevalence, and the Human Development Index (HDI). The results show that a one-litre increase in per-capita alcohol consumption is associated with approximately eight additional IHD deaths per 100,000 population. Higher anaemia prevalence also significantly increases mortality risk. In addition, a 1% increase in PM2.5 exposure associated with approximately 0.4 additional IHD deaths per 100,000 population, highlighting the cardiovascular burden of poor air quality. In contrast, higher levels of socioeconomic development, reflected by improvements in HDI, are associated with a substantial reduction in IHD mortality. These findings highlight the need for integrated policy responses that combine air quality regulation with health, nutrition, and socioeconomic development strategies. Strengthening air pollution control, together with broader socioeconomic interventions, is essential for reducing the growing cardiovascular burden in Asia.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Mapping causal relationships between migration and economic growth: A visual and empirical approach
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2025-09-19) Azmi, Y; Landersz, S; Dissanayake, P; Chloe, L; Jayathilaka, R
    The focus of this study is to identify whether causal relationships exist between migration and economic growth across countries in the Asian continent. Real GDP per capita and net migration per capita were used to measure economic growth and net migration, respectively. A dataset comprising panel data from 1994 to 2023, covering 41 countries, was utilised. The Bootstrap Dumitrescu and Hurlin Granger non-causality test was conducted for a continental analysis of Asia. Further, the Granger causality Wald test was undertaken for in-depth country-level analysis. The empirical results indicate a unidirectional causality in Asian continent, and Eastern, and Western Asian sub reigns while other sub reigns indicated no causality. Additionally, while majority of the countries indicated no causality, seven countries namely, Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan, Viet Nam, Sri Lanka, Macao SAR China, Malaysia and Rep. Korea indicated unidirectional causalities. Based on these findings, implications were made for policymakers when developing economic policies that leverage the economic potential of net migration.