Scopus Index Publications

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Author: search.filters.author.Basnayake, VHas files: Yes

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    PublicationOpen Access
    Analysis of Multi-Temporal Shoreline Changes Due to a Harbor Using Remote Sensing Data and GIS Techniques
    (MDPI, 2023-05-06) Zoysa, S; Basnayake, V; Samarasinghe, J. T.; Gunathilake, M.B.; Kantamaneni, K; Muttil, N; Muttil, U; Rathnayake, U
    Coastal landforms are continuously shaped by natural and human-induced forces, exacerbating the associated coastal hazards and risks. Changes in the shoreline are a critical concern for sustainable coastal zone management. However, a limited amount of research has been carried out on the coastal belt of Sri Lanka. Thus, this study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of the shoreline dynamics on the Oluvil coastline in the Ampara district in Sri Lanka for a two-decade period from 1991 to 2021, where the economically significant Oluvil Harbor exists by utilizing remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Shorelines for each year were delineated using Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager images. The Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) was applied as a spectral value index approach to differentiate land masses from water bodies. Subsequently, the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) tool was used to assess shoreline changes, including Shoreline Change Envelope (SCE), Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), End Point Rate (EPR), and Linear Regression Rate (LRR). The results reveal that the Oluvil coast has undergone both accretion and erosion over the years, primarily due to harbor construction. The highest SCE values were calculated within the Oluvil harbor region, reaching 523.8 m. The highest NSM ranges were recorded as −317.1 to −81.3 m in the Oluvil area and 156.3–317.5 m in the harbor and its closest point in the southern direction. The maximum rate of EPR was observed to range from 3 m/year to 10.7 m/year towards the south of the harbor, and from −10.7 m/year to −3.0 m/year towards the north of the harbor. The results of the LRR analysis revealed that the rates of erosion anomaly range from −3 m/year to −10 m/year towards the north of the harbor, while the beach advances at a rate of 3 m/year to 14.3 m/year towards the south of the harbor. The study area has undergone erosion of 40 ha and accretion of 84.44 ha. These findings can serve as valuable input data for sustainable coastal zone management along the Oluvil coast in Sri Lanka, safeguarding the coastal habitats by mitigating further anthropogenic vulnerabilities.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Evaluation of the Impact of Land Use Changes on Soil Erosion in the Tropical Maha Oya River Basin, Sri Lanka
    (MDPI, 2023-01) Palliyaguru, C; Basnayake, V; Makumbura, R. K; Gunathilake, M. B; Muttil, N; Wimalasiri, E. M; Rathnayake, U
    Soil degradation is a serious environmental issue in many regions of the world, and Sri Lanka is not an exception. Maha Oya River Basin (MORB) is one of the major river basins in tropical Sri Lanka, which suffers from regular soil erosion and degradation. The current study was designed to estimate the soil erosion associated with land use changes of the MORB. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was used in calculating the annual soil erosion rates, while the Geographic Information System (GIS) was used in mapping the spatial variations of the soil erosion hazard over a 30-year period. Thereafter, soil erosion hotspots in the MORB were also identified. The results of this study revealed that the mean average soil loss from the MORB has substantially increased from 2.81 t ha−1 yr−1 in 1989 to 3.21 t ha−1 yr−1 in 2021, which is an increment of about 14.23%. An extremely critical soil erosion-prone locations (average annual soil loss > 60 t ha−1 yr−1) map of the MORB was developed for the year 2021. The severity classes revealed that approximately 4.61% and 6.11% of the study area were in high to extremely high erosion hazard classes in 1989 and 2021, respectively. Based on the results, it was found that the extreme soil erosion occurs when forests and vegetation land are converted into agricultural and bare land/farmland. The spatial analysis further reveals that erosion-prone soil types, steep slope areas, and reduced forest/vegetation cover in hilly mountain areas contributed to the high soil erosion risk (16.56 to 91.01 t ha−1 yr−1) of the MORB. These high soil erosional areas should be prioritized according to the severity classes, and appropriate land use/land cover (LU/LC) management and water conservation practices should be implemented as recommended by this study to restore degraded lands.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Application of GIS Techniques in Identifying Artificial Groundwater Recharging Zones in Arid Regions: A Case Study in Tissamaharama, Sri Lanka
    (MDPI, 2022-12-10) Kariyawasam, T; Basnayake, V; Wanniarachchi, S; Sarukkalige, R; Rathnayake, U
    Groundwater resources are severely threatened not only in terms of their quality but also their quantity. The availability of groundwater in arid regions is highly important as it caters to domestic needs, irrigation, and industrial purposes in those areas. With the increasing population and human needs, artificial recharging of groundwater has become an important topic because of rainfall scarcity, high evaporation, and shortage of surface water resources in arid regions. However, this has been given the minimum attention in the context of Sri Lanka. Therefore, the current research was carried out to demarcate suitable sites for the artificial recharging of aquifers with the help of geographic information system (GIS) techniques, in one of the water-scarce regions in Sri Lanka. Tissamaharama District Secretariat Division (DSD) is located in Hambanthota district. This region faces periodic water stress with a low-intensity seasonal rainfall pattern and a lack of surface water sources. Hydrological, geological, and geomorphological parameters such as rainfall, soil type, slope, drainage density, and land use patterns were considered to be the most influential parameters in determining the artificial recharging potential in the study area. The GIS tools were used to carry out a weighted overlay analysis to integrate the effects of each parameter into the potential for artificial groundwater recharge. The result of the study shows that 14.60% of the area in the Tissamaharama DSD has a very good potential for artificial groundwater recharge, while 41.32% has a good potential and 39.03% and 5.05% have poor and very poor potential for artificial groundwater recharge, respectively. The southern part of the DSD and the Yala nature reserve areas are observed to have a higher potential for artificial groundwater recharge than the other areas of Tissamaharama DSD. It is recommended to test the efficiency and effects of groundwater recharge using groundwater models by simulating the effects of groundwater recharge in future studies. Therefore, the results of the current research will be helpful in effectively managing the groundwater resources in the study area.