Scopus Index Publications
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This collection consists of all Scopus-indexed publications produced by SLIIT researchers. Scopus is recognized worldwide as a leading and reputable academic indexing database.
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Publication Embargo Assessing the Efficacy of Machine Learning Algorithms in Predicting Critical Properties of Gold Nanoparticles for Pharmaceutical Applications(Springer Nature Link, 2025-07-08) Fernando, H; Mohottala, S; Jayanetti, M; Thambiliyagodage, CAu nanoparticles are increasingly used in pharmaceuticals, but their synthesis is costly and time-intensive. Machine Learning can help optimize this process. In this research, eight distinct Machine Learning models were implemented and optimized on a dataset comprising 3000 records of gold nanoparticles. The performance of these models was assessed using four accuracy metrics and the time required for training and inference. The results are promising, with all seven models demonstrating high accuracy and low time requirements. Notably, the XGBoost and Artificial Neural Network models exhibited exceptional performance, with Mean Squared Error values of 0.0235 and 0.0098, Mean Absolute Error values of 0.1021 and 0.0674, Mean Absolute Percentage Deviation values of 0.4945 and 0.3590, R2 scores of 0.9995 and 0.9998, and inference times of 0.0029 and 0.4299 s, respectively. The Explainable Artificial Intelligence analysis of the resulting models revealed some interesting insights into how the models make the predictions and what factors heavily contribute to the nanoparticle AVG_R, allowing chemists to optimize the synthesis for gold nanoparticles better. The key contributions of the research include the design and development of eight Machine Learning models using industry-standard frameworks, the training, tuning, and evaluation of these eight models using five different metrics, and further assessment of these trained models using Explainable Artificial Intelligence. The findings indicate a substantial potential for applying neural networks in the design phase of nanoparticle synthesis, which could lead to significant reductions in both the time and cost required for synthesizing Au nanoparticles for pharmaceutical applications.Publication Open Access Exploring nontoxic perovskite materials for perovskite solar cells using machine learning(Discover, 2025-07-06) Pabasara, W.G.A.; Wijerathne, H.A.H.M; Karunarathne, M.G.M.M.; Sandaru, D.M.C.; Abeygunawardhana, Pradeep K. W.erovskite solar cells are promising renewable energy technology that faces significant challenges due to the Pb induced toxicity. The current study addresses this issue by leveraging machine learning techniques to explore Pb-free perovskite materials that ensure environmental sustainability and human safety. A highly accurate machine learning model was developed to predict Goldschmidt factor and the band gap, aiming to discover lead-free perovskites. Extreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boost Regression (GBR), and Ada Boost Regression (ABR) models were employed for this purpose. The findings exhibit that XGBoost delivers the most precise and reliable results for Goldsmith tolerance factor prediction with an accuracy of 98.5%. Furthermore, GBR model, combined with K-nearest neighbors (KNN) model delivers an impressive accuracy of 98.7% for the band gap predictions. 49 Pb-free perovskite materials were screened out considering the toxicity and the abundance. Utilizing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and K-means clustering, six optimal materials (KBiBr3, KZnBr3, RbBiBr 3, RbZnBr3, MAGeI3, and FAGeI3null) were identified as the potential environment-friendly materials for photovoltaic applications. These results show the crucial role of machine learning and statistical analysis in discovering nontoxic and environmental-friendly perovskite materials, advancing the development of sustainable energy solutions.Publication Open Access Image processing techniques to identify tomato quality under market conditions(Elsevier B.V., 2024-03) Abekoon, T; Sajindra, H; Jayakody, J．A．D．C．A．; Samarakoon, E．R．J; Rathnayake, UTomatoes are essential in both agriculture and culinary spheres, demanding rigorous quality assessment. It is highly advantageous to discern the maturity level and the time range post-harvesting of tomatoes in the market through visual analysis of their images. This research endeavors to forecast tomato quality by accurately determining the maturity level and the duration post-harvest, specifically tailored to Sri Lankan market conditions, with a particular focus on Padma tomatoes. It identifies maturity stages (Green, Breakers, Turning, Pink, Light Red, Red) and post-harvest dates using image processing techniques. Greenhouse-grown Padma tomatoes mimic market conditions for image capture, and Convolutional Neural Networks facilitate this analysis. Model 1, using ReLU and sigmoid activation functions, accurately classifies tomatoes with 99 % training and validation accuracy. Model 2, with seven classes, achieves 99 % training and 98 % validation accuracy using ReLU and softmax activation functions. Integration of the IPGRI/IITA 1998 classification method enhances tomato categorization. Efficient tomato image screening optimizes resource use. This study successfully determines Padma tomato post-harvest dates based on maturity stages, a significant contribution to tomato quality assessment under market conditions.Publication Open Access Predicting adhesion strength of micropatterned surfaces using gradient boosting models and explainable artificial intelligence visualizations(Elsevier, 2023-06-27) Ekanayake, I.U; Palitha, S; Gamage, S; Meddage, D.P.P.; Wijesooriya, K; Mohotti, DFibrillar dry adhesives are widely used due to their effectiveness in air and vacuum conditions. However, their performance depends on various factors. Previous studies have proposed analytical methods to predict adhesion strength on micro-patterned surfaces. However, the method lacks interpretation on which parameters are critical. This research utilizes gradient-boosting machine learning (ML) algorithms to accurately predict adhesion strength. Additionally, explainable machine learning (XML) methods are employed to interpret the underlying reasoning behind the predictions. The analysis demonstrates that gradient boosting models achieve a high correlation coefficient (R > 0.95) in accurately predicting pull-off force on micro-patterned surfaces. The use of XML methods provides insights into the importance of features, their interactions, and their contributions to specific predictions. This novel, explainable, and data-driven approach holds potential for real-time applications, aiding in the identification of critical features that govern the performance of fibrillar adhesives. Furthermore, it improves end-users’ confidence by offering human-comprehensible explanations and facilitates understanding among non-technical audiencesPublication Open Access Evaluating expressway traffic crash severity by using logistic regression and explainable & supervised machine learning classifiers(Elsevier, 2023-07-09) Shashiprabha, M.J.P.S; Kelum, S.R.M; Meddage, D.P.P; Pasindu, H.R; Gomes, P.I.AThe number of expressway road accidents in Sri Lanka has significantly increased (by 20%) due to the expansion of the transport network and high traffic volume. It is crucial to identify the causes of these crashes for effective road safety management. However, traditional statistical methods may be insufficient due to their inherent assumptions. This study utilized explainable machine learning to investigate the factors that affect the severity of traffic crashes on expressways. The study evaluated two groups of traffic crashes: fatal or severe crashes, and other crashes that included non-severe injuries or only property damage. Five factors that contribute to crashes were analyzed: road surface condition, road alignment, location, weather condition, and lighting effect. Four machine learning models (Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN)) were developed and compared with Logistic Regression (LR) using 223 training and 56 testing data instances. The study revealed that the machine learning algorithms provided more accurate predictions than the LR model. To explain the machine learning models, Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) and Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) were used. These methods revealed that all five features decreased the possibility of occurrence of fatal accidents. SHAP and LIME explanations confirmed the known interactions between factors influencing crash severity in expressway operational conditions. These explanations increase the trust of end-users and domain experts on machine learning models. Furthermore, the study concluded that using explainable machine learning methods is more effective than traditional regression analysis in evaluating safety performance. Additionally, the results of the study can be utilized to improve road safety by providing accurate explanations for decision-making processes for black-box models. © 2023Publication Embargo E-Learning Education System For Children With Down Syndrome(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2022-09-16) Sampath, A.S.T; Vidanapathirana, M.W.; Gunawardana, T.B.A; Sandeepani, P.W.H.; Chandrasiri, L.H.S.S; Attanayaka, BThe World Health Organization assesses that Down Syndrome (DS) affects about 1 in 1000 births worldwide. Children with DS cannot learn, as usual, instigating numerous inadequacies that lead to formative issues such as trouble encoding information and low intelligence to interpret data for decision-making. As a superior technique for these kids' intercom-municating and logical intellect, free-hand sketch drawing, Voice training, and word prediction activities can be success-fully utilized. As the best way to express the mindset of such chil-dren, introducing an E-Learning system makes a friendlier ac-tivity than learning about the past. Because of the improvement of Artificial intelligence and its encouragement, E-Learning-re-lated exploration and applications are moving at an enormous advancement rate. The main objective of this project is to de-velop a reliable and efficient approach to predicting the devel-opment of DS children. Classifying and identifying those hand-written images and voice samples and those samples are given by children with DS compared to the teacher through the construction of a model structure. This research project specially considered local down syndrome children's hand-drawn images, voice samples, letters, numbers, and words as the input. As a result, it gives accuracy and similarity with the teacher's sam-ples and relates parts in the down syndrome children's samples. The system uses artificial intelligence technologies. Through that, the knowledge capacity of the DS children and their con-veyed articulation of that knowledge can be assessed for additional correlations and investigation.Publication Embargo E-Agrigo(2021 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Computing (ICAC), SLIIT, 2021-12-09) Kartheepan, T.; SirigajanK, B.; Subangan, K.; Mohammed Azzam, M.A.; Bandara, P.; Mahaadikara, M.M.D.J.T.H.To feed this population, food production should be increased by at least 70%. Developing nations have a vast potential to increase the amount of food produced by doubling the current production. However, the traditional methods of farming are making agriculture unviable and inefficient. The increasing food production needs to be met by double the current level of farming. The conventional of farming is making industry uncompetitive and inefficient. This paper aims to analyze the various factors that affect the implementation of autonomous machinery in agriculture. The development of autonomous machinery for agriculture has emerged as vital step towards achieving this goal. Now a day’s farmers are planning their cultivation by finding proper weather and geographical condition on their own experience, but they are failing to cultivate profitable crop and unaware of the diseases that will affect their crops, sometimes these diseases may affect their whole crops and let the farmers to sink in zero profit. Despite these issues plays a major role, there are some other problems also have an impact like, lack of irrigation plans and question of how and where to sell their cultivated crops. By considering these major threats we have planned to propose a solution to some of the selected issues. This can be achieved by applying machine learning algorithm, Image processing and IOT systems. By using our platform farmers will get a chance to plan their yield in a profitable way by using our optimized weather and geographical data.