Research Papers - Department of Mechanical Engineering

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Author: search.filters.author.Fernando, G. L

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    The Potential Role of Carbon Tax in Achieving the Paris Agreement Targets for a Developing Country: A Case Study of Sri Lanka
    (IEEE, 2020-10-20) Fernando, G. L; Liyanage, M. H
    This study assess the effect of carbon taxes on energy and emissions of the Sri Lankan energy sector during 2015-2050. Along with a Business As Usual (BAU) scenario, three alternative carbon price trajectories were considered. These scenarios have been proposed based on fifth Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP5) to achieve the 2°C Paris target for Asia. The Carbon Price trajectories proposed by AIM/CGA, REMIND-MAgPIE and GCAM were considered. The energy-economic-environmental system was modelled using the AIM/Enduse model. It considered both energy supply and demand sectors. The results show that in the BAU scenario the GHG emissions are expected to increase from 19.8MtCO 2e in 2015to 106.2MtCO 2e in 2050. Out of three carbon tax scenarios the prices proposed by AIM/CGA has been the most efficient for reduction of GHG emissions as it could reduce final energy consumption by 26% and GHG emissions by 24% in 2050 as compared to BAU scenario.
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    Sustainable Energy Options for Sri Lankan Transport sector
    (National Energy Symposium 2019, 2019) Fernando, G. L; Ruzaik, M. A; Liyanage, M. H
    Transport sector of Sri Lanka accounts for 29% of total energy consumption and almost half of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Sri Lanka. This study is to investigate the possible sustainable energy options for the transport sector. Sri Lankan transport sector is modelled using the Asia Pacific Integrated/Endues (AIM Endues) model for the planning horizon from 2015 to 2045. This study analyses four countermeasures along with the business as usual (BAU) scenario. The first countermeasure scenario is promoting residential solar electricity for electric vehicles. Other three scenarios modelled with 20%, 30% and 40% subsidy for electric and hybrid vehicles. Out of the four scenarios, promoting residential solar electricity for electric vehicles is the most effective countermeasure as it could reduce the transport sector energy consumption by 16.4 Mtoe and CO2 emissions by 35% in 2045. At the current vehicle and electricity prices, providing 20% subsidy will not be effective as 30% and 40% subsidies in achieving significant reduction in energy consumption and CO2 mitigation Sri Lankan transport sector.
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    Economic Viability of Solar PV for Domestic Applications in a Middle-Income Country: A case Study of Sri Lanka
    (IEEE, 2020-10-20) Wijesinghe, J. K; Najim, M. Y. M; Fernando, G. L; Liyanage, M. H
    This study focuses on the economics of using solar Photovoltaics for residential in a middle-income country like Sri Lanka. It considers solar irradiance in the Colombo district to estimate the power generation potential by a selected 2.16kWp solar PV system throughout the year. It used solar irradiance data by NASA Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE), satellite solar insolation values for Sri Lanka and used the Liu and Jordan (LJ) method. Furthermore, it considered the economics of four different scenarios as model houses depending on appliance usage with net accounting. It was seen that without net accounting the Levelized cost of electricity could be as high as US0.69/kWh.However,withmechanismslikenetaccounting,itcouldbereducedtoUS 0.12 /kWh with full owners' contribution. Under the net accounting scheme houses that consume above 300 kWh/month will have the lowest payback period of 2 years and 9 months.
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    Energy and Environmental Implications of Green House Gas Mitigation Policies in the Transport Sector of Sri Lanka
    (IEEE, 2018-10-24) Fernando, G. L; Liyanage, M. H; Samarasekara, G. N
    This study analyzes the greenhouse gas mitigation policy options for the transport sector in Sri Lanka. It was carried out through the Asia-Pacific Integrated Assessment Model (AIM/Enduse), which is a bottom up type least cost optimization framework. A business as usual scenario and four alternative mitigation policy options were considered in this study. These policy options include two scenarios with 100 $/tonCO 2 , 500 $/tonCO 2 carbon tax, a subsidy scenario with tax rebates for electric, hybrid vehicles and a scenario which promotes pubic transport. The results show that the transport sector energy consumption is expected to increase from 5 Mtoe in 2015 to 19.5 Mtoe in 2045. The CO 2 emissions are expected to increase from 15 Mton in 2015 to 58 Mton in 2045. Out of the four scenarios, promoting public transport was most effective as it could reduce energy consumption by 52% and reduce CO 2 emissions by almost 36% in 2045. At current electricity prices and other costs, electric vehicles are not found to be economical in the analysis.