SLIIT International Conference on Advancements in Sciences and Humanities [SICASH] 2020
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Publication Embargo Common Complications Related to Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation (PIVC)(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences - SLIIT, 2021-03-26) Dasanayake, D.M.C.D.K.Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation (PIVC) is the insertion of a short, flexible, hollow plastic catheter into a peripheral vein. Indications of PIVC include facilitating hydration, maintaining electrolyte balance, administration of medication, supporting diagnostic procedures in acute and emergencies, infusion of blood and blood components, and parenteral nutrition. PIVC is associated with risks for several complications. The skin, one of the defence organs of the body is penetrated during the insertion of vascular access that results in additional potential risk for PIVC related complications include local and systemic complications. The PIVC induced complications cause significant discomfort, prolonged hospitalization, higher costs, and leads to other illnesses. This review was done to find out the common peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIVC) related complications. For this review, scholarly articles and guidelines published from 2008 to 2020 were obtained by searching MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Pub Med databases. It was found that the incidence of PIVC related complications were significantly high. Phlebitis, pain, infiltration, occlusion and dislodgement were local complications related to PIVC while phlebitis was the most common complication among them. Fear and anxiety were found as systemic complications of PIVC. The rates of PIVC-induced local complications is higher than PIVC-induced systemic complications. However, nurses must be responsible to apply correct techniques and follow the standard guidelines of PIVC. It is also recommended that the nurses must perform careful observations of patients with peripheral intravenous catheters to identify risks of PIVC induced complications and take necessary actions to prevent them.Publication Embargo Level of knowledge, Practice and Attitudes of Taking Anthropometric Measurements for Nutritional Assessments among Nurses Working in Dr. Neville Fernando Teaching Hospital, Malabe(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences - SLIIT, 2021-03-26) Wijedasa, P.H.S.A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenient sample of 125 nurses working at Dr. Neville Fernando Teaching Hospital (NFTH). A self-administered questionnaire with both open and close ended questions is used to determine the level of knowledge, practice and attitudes of taking anthropometric measurements for nutritional assessments, among the nurses working in NFTH. Out of 136 questionnaires 125 were correctly completed and returned. Majority of the nurses (53%) had a sound knowledge of taking anthropometric measurements. There is a significant association between the level of knowledge and the educational qualifications of the nurses. Graduate nurses had a ‘good’ knowledge level compared to the diploma or certificate holders which is statistically significant. The majority of nurses had a practice of taking weight measurements (48%) while 37% of nurses had a practice of taking measurements of weight and height. The entire group of participants had the attitude that “anthropometric measurements are important for nutritional measurements”. The majority (93%) of nurses were confident in taking weight measurements. Only 57% of nurses were confident in taking measurements of waist circumference. There is a significant difference in the knowledge level among graduate nurses, nursing diploma holders, and nursing certificate holders. Among them, graduate nurses’ knowledge was higher than the other two groups. The level of knowledge, practice and attitudes in taking anthropometric measurements for nutritional assessments had no significant association with socio-demographic factors.Publication Embargo Attitudes and Practices of Nurses’ Regarding the First 24 Hours Post- operative Pain Management in Teaching Hospital, Rathnapura(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences - SLIIT, 2021-03-26) Amarasinghe, D.I.I.; Meegoda, M.K.D.L.Surgical patients experience a great intensity of pain during the first 24 hours of surgery due to various reasons including tissue damage during the surgery. Therefore, assessing nurses’ attitudes and practices on assessment and management of pain especially in post-operative units is essential because nurses are the professionals who play a key role in managing patients’ pain. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 135 government registered nurses in surgical units, Teaching Hospital, Rathnapura. Cluster sampling technique was performed and self-administered questionnaire was used. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Clearance Committee, University of Colombo. The study participants were in the attitude that health workers should not encourage patients to tolerate pain (58.5%), believed non- pharmacological methods are not effective in managing post- operative pain (53.3%), ineffectively treated pain may not lead to chronic pain in future (58.5%), by using placebo injections health professionals can identify whether the pain is real (51.1%), health professionals’ religious background affects for the attitude towards patients pain and suffers (55.6%) and if the patient does not complain pain, continuation of analgesics within first 24 hours is not necessary (64.4%). Of them 79.3% believed that patients should be individually assessed to determine cultural influences in pain and 97% are revealing effective communication and therapeutic relationship are as essential components in post-operative pain management. Although the pain assessment scale indicates the most accurate judgment regarding intensity of patient’s pain (66.7%), only less than 50% of the participants were assessed the pain using a pain scale. Almost all the nurses follow up the post-operative patients’ pain after administration of analgesics (97.8% reassess, 97% observe, 98.5% consider safety measures). However, whether the doctor has prescribed fixed schedule of pain medication, many of them follow that according to their assessment (45.9%). It is recommended to improve nurses’ attitudes and practices regarding the first 24 hours post- operative pain assessment and pain management.Publication Embargo Factors Influencing Use of Traditional Family Planning by Women in Sri Lanka(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences - SLIIT, 2021-03-26) Peiris, T.S.G.; Karunarathne, H.V.V.M.P.Family planning plays a crucial role in enhancing the health of the mother and the child. Contraceptives are used by most women in the reproductive age span (15- 49 years). Sri Lanka has named as one of the countries with a high usage of traditional family planning (TFP) methods than other Asian countries. However, the reasons for that were not been investigated. Therefore, this study is carried out to identify the significant factors influencing on usage of TFP by using data from Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey in 2016 with a sample size of 10835. A binary logistic regression model was developed to capture the factors influencing on the use of TFP. The model was invariant on the type of selection method and the selection criteria. The overall predictive power is 82.9%. The percentages of women using TFP is 16.3%. Among TFP users, withdrawal and rhythm method are 35% and 57% respectively. The knowledge on family planning, having advice from public health midwives, attendance to well women clinics, religion, ethnicity, decision to use family planning, husband's occupation, women's age, women's occupation, women's education level, number of children, and wealth quantile are significantly associated factors with the usage of TFP. The odds of the usage of TFP among the women having no children and women having 1 or 2 children are respectively 1.4 and 4.0 times higher than the women having 3 or more children. The factors identified are geared towards providing robust evidence based on data driven decision making (DDDM) and therefore the key population groups in need of contraceptive services can be targeted more effectively and efficiently. Organizing counselling programmes and promotions on family planning and conducting media awareness programmes to avoid some myths on modern contraceptives can be suggested.Publication Embargo Expectations and Satisfaction of Employees with Visual Impairment and Blindness: Evidence from Sri Lanka(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences - SLIIT, 2021-03-26) Employees with Visual Impairment and Blindness, Employee Expectations, Job SatisfactionThis study aims to determine the expectations of the blind employees and their job satisfaction. Herzberg’s two factor theory of motivation has been used as foundation for exploring the expectations of employees. This research adopted a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews as the main data collection tool. Visually disabled employees consisting of totally blind and severely blind persons engaged in formal sector in Sri Lanka represented the study population. A sample of fifteen blind employees representing two major employment categories selected through snowball sampling method were interviewed. Content analysis was the main mode of analysis used to examine major themes. The study observed that in comparison to past literature, there is no substantial difference in employees’ key expectations between visually disable and sighted employees. Further, the visually disable employees indicated that key expectations were mostly unmet, except the work environment. The Policy makers and employers need to take into consideration the concerns of blind employees aimed at addressing the issues related to their job satisfaction systematically. The need for public sector to adopt appropriate measures for ensuring safe working environment is highlighted in this study.Publication Embargo An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis on Factors Affecting Organizational Commitment by HR Managers of Private Sector Service Industries(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences - SLIIT, 2021-03-26) Chamindi, D. I.Organizational commitment and its link to various other constructs in organizations has been widely discussed in the Western context. However, the Sri Lankan context is less researched therefore, the present study examines the relationship between organizational commitment and contributing factors of organizational commitment within private sector service industries as perceived by five HR managers from private sector service industries in Sri Lanka.The research has adopted Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach to conduct the research. Five Human Resource managers were interviewed using semi structured interviews for the qualitative analysis to explore the factors affecting organizational commitment. The qualitative data revealed three superordinate themes of Contributions to organizational commitment by the employer, employee, and peers. The research suggests an existing need to study the perception of organizational commitment with relevance to employees intensively due to conclusions obtained. Moreover, the study has proven that organizational commitment is being influenced by more than the individual characteristics of an employee. The present study emphasis the need for in depth studies in defining and perception organizational commitment within the Sri Lanka cultural context.Publication Embargo The Relationship between Individuals’ Social Networks and Satisfaction with Life: The Mediating Role of Loneliness(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences - SLIIT, 2021-03-26) Perera, P.L.; Perera, H.K.Humans are social beings, pre-programmed to form connections even before birth. Every individual has a set of connections with a group of people, through whom the need to socially connect with others is satisfied. A failure to satisfy these needs can have detrimental effects on an individual. Commonly known phenomena such as social isolation can be perceived as feelings of loneliness in the absence of adequate social connections. Despite the understanding that loneliness is typically prevalent in the elderly population, recent surveys show that young adults are lonelier than any other age group despite having the highest amount of social connections. Yet a limited number of research has been conducted to date on loneliness among young adults. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether loneliness was influenced by social network characteristics, and, in turn, could predict satisfaction with life (SWL). Data was collected using a survey disseminated among young adults aged 19- 24. Using a sample of 194 participants, results revealed that the relationships between two out of four structural characteristics (average closeness and frequency of interaction) and SWL were significantly mediated by loneliness, while the other two (network size and network density) were not. The relationship between the functional network characteristic of perceived social support and SWL was also significantly mediated by loneliness. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the limitations and implications of these findings.Publication Embargo Exploring Parents' and Teachers' Attitudes and Expectations Regarding Inclusive Education in Colombo(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences - SLIIT, 2021-03-26) Peiris, A.N.; Pandithakoralage, S.C.The study aimed to explore teachers’ attitudes and parents’ expectations regarding inclusive education. In total 8 participants were interviewed regarding their attitudes and expectations of inclusive education. 4 participants were mainstreamed teachers that have a child or children with special educational needs present in the classroom and 4 participants were parents that have a child with a diagnosis that requires special educational needs, attends school and is in a mainstreamed classroom, while receiving extra help at school. The results were analyzed using Thematic Analysis. Data analysis highlighted four themes: Improved Communication, Adequate Resources and Support, Education and Awareness and Roles of Schools. It was evident that there are multiple gaps that need to be bridged as there is a significant discrepancy between how the education of students with special needs should be approached and how students are being approached. Parents expectations of teachers and schools are clearly stated, and teachers showed promising characteristics to change neutral or negative attitude toward inclusive education if their expectations are met. As inclusive education is a fairly new practice, the study aimed to determine common attitudes and expectations between parents and teachers in order to help the development of inclusive education in Colombo. Future implications of the study are discussed.Publication Embargo Depressive Symptoms, Social Anxiety and Aggression as Predictors of Cyber bullying Perpetration in Adulthood(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences - SLIIT, 2021-03-26) Gunathillake, N.A.; Perera, H.KThe present study aimed to investigate whether depressive symptoms, social anxiety, and aggression were significant predictors of cyber bullying perpetration on Facebook in adulthood. A cross- sectional, non-experimental study was conducted using 168 Sri Lankan Face book users between the ages 21 and 60. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling method. Data were collected exclusively online using a structured questionnaire. The study variables cyber bullying, depressive symptoms, social anxiety, and aggression were assessed using the self-reports, Prevalence of Face book Bullying Scale, Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10), Interaction Anxiousness Scale, and Brief Aggression Questionnaire respectively. Data were analysed using the statistical techniques Spearman correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results of the Spearman correlation analysis revealed that depressive symptoms and aggression were significantly and positively related to cyber bullying perpetration, while there was no significant relationship between social anxiety and cyber bullying perpetration. Results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that depressive symptoms and aggression were significant predictors of cyber bullying perpetration, while social anxiety did not significantly predict cyber bullying perpetration. The findings of the present study highlight the importance of addressing the psychological and behavioural health issues of the perpetrators using appropriate interventions in order to reduce the occurrence of cyber bullying. This study also emphasizes the importance of reporting incidents of cyber bullying and taking necessary legal actions against the perpetrators.Publication Embargo Compromising Health to Gain Wealth: A Legal Response to Adverse Health Effects of Night Work(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences - SLIIT, 2021-03-26) Puwanitha, S.Although night work has responded to a variety of social, technical, and economic reasons, it has adversely affected the health, safety, and work-life balance of such night workers. Thus, this article aims to explore the hiatus in the Sri Lankan law in devising effective legal measures responding to such health issues encountered by night workers due to their engagement at an irregular work time. This research is conducted as a literature review based on secondary sources approaching both qualitative and quantitative methods. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) and its recommendations provide for an effective mechanism for an organised night working culture in response to the health effects of such working community. However, Sri Lanka, not being a signatory to those conventions failed to address the issue through legislative measures. Further, the delinquency of statistics and medical research on the health status of night workers in Sri Lanka also worsened the situation. Thus, the author attempts to draw a constitutional justification to delineate the fundamental duty of the state to address the said issue and recommends suitable strategies and mechanisms to truncate the adverse health effects to those workers by drawing examples from initiatives taken by the European Union especially from Spain.