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Start date: 2022Subject: search.filters.subject.Air pollution

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    Air pollution, socioeconomic development, and ischaemic heart disease mortality in Asia
    (Springer Science and Business Media, 2026-07) Cooray, D; Jayathilaka, R
    Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD) remains one of the leading causes of global mortality. Recent evidence indicates a persistent upward trend in IHD mortality in Asia, despite declines in many other regions. Increasing exposure to ambient air pollution, together with socioeconomic and behavioural transitions, suggests that environmental and social determinants may play an important role in shaping regional cardiovascular outcomes. This study investigates the combined influence of air pollution, socioeconomic development, behavioural factors, and pathological conditions on IHD mortality across 31 Asian countries from 2000 to 2021. Panel regression techniques were employed to capture temporal dynamics and cross-country heterogeneity. These were complemented by country-specific linear regressions to identify differential national-level effects. The analysis focuses on ambient particulate matter (PM2.5), alcohol consumption, anaemia prevalence, and the Human Development Index (HDI). The results show that a one-litre increase in per-capita alcohol consumption is associated with approximately eight additional IHD deaths per 100,000 population. Higher anaemia prevalence also significantly increases mortality risk. In addition, a 1% increase in PM2.5 exposure associated with approximately 0.4 additional IHD deaths per 100,000 population, highlighting the cardiovascular burden of poor air quality. In contrast, higher levels of socioeconomic development, reflected by improvements in HDI, are associated with a substantial reduction in IHD mortality. These findings highlight the need for integrated policy responses that combine air quality regulation with health, nutrition, and socioeconomic development strategies. Strengthening air pollution control, together with broader socioeconomic interventions, is essential for reducing the growing cardiovascular burden in Asia.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    A Study on Local Air Pollution Due to Transport Emissions in Kandy City
    (SLIIT, 2022-02-11) Yatigammana, S; Fernando, G; Liyanage, M
    Air pollution has become one of the greatest challenges that the world is facing today. According to World Health Organization (WHO)there are 4.2 million annual deaths due to outdoor air pollution. Furthermore, about 90% of global population breathe polluted air. The most harmful cause of outdoor air pollution is recognized to be unorganized traffic management. In the instance of Sri Lanka, Kandy city has been recognized as crucial where necessary actions are required to be taken. This study presents harmful emission values produced by a daily count of vehicles entering the city alongside respiratory diseases and illnesses recorded. Detailed analysis provides pollutant emissions due to unorganized traffic management within Kandy city concentrating over locations from Getambe Junction to Kandy Clock tower and from the city centre towards Mahaiyawa Tunnel and Ampitiya Junction (locations are pinned on figure 1). Calculation of pollutant factors are intended to be done using three main methods namely, Tier 1, Tier 2 and V/C ratio method aided by vehicle fuel type, fuel efficiency, travelled distance and carriageway congestion values. Emission values for pollutants Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen oxides (N2O, NOX) and Sulphur dioxide (SO2) were identified in this study along with PM2.5 and PM10 values. It was to be seen that, over 100,000 vehicle cross Kandy city limits on both weekdays and surprisingly higher values in weekend with each carriageway within the city resulting over a 65% of congestion value. With 31% of daily trips being travel to work, the public transport system fails to deliver its purpose efficiently and effectively. With unorganized traffic management, stagnant and slowmoving vehicles tend to pollute 41% more SO2 and 14% more NOX gasses above global standards affecting the first five kilometers from the city center, which claimed to facilitate the zone of highest quality of life. Current records show PM2.5 values in Kandy to read above 50μg/m3 and PM10 values to be as high as 100μg/m3.