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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Impact of climate change on agricultural production efficiency in leading agriculture-producing economies: A DEA Malmquist Productivity Index
    (Elsevier B.V., 2026-03-01) Ahmad, J; Wang, Y; Zhang, L; Shah, W.U S; Yasmeen, R; Pathiranage, H.S.K
    Climate change significantly impacts global agricultural productivity, making it essential to examine its precise influence on production efficiency. This study evaluates the impact of climate change on agricultural production efficiency among the global leading agriculture-producing economies from 1990 to 2021. Using a DEA–Malmquist Productivity Index, the study estimates total factor productivity change (TFPC) and decomposes it into efficiency change (EC) and technological change (TC), both without and with explicit climate variables (temperature, precipitation). Average TFPC without climate factors is 1.0428, indicating 4.28 % productivity growth over the period, primarily driven by technological change. When climate variables are incorporated, the average TFPC is 1.0409; the mean difference of −0.0019 (≈ −0.18 %) shows a small but non-negligible climate impact on productivity growth. Regional variations are heterogeneous: South America and Africa exhibit diverse climate impacts, while Oceania shows the least climate effect. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests confirm significant differences in TFPC (and components) between climate and non-climate specifications and across regions. The findings underscore technology's key role in sustaining productivity under climate stress and highlight the need for region-specific adaptation policies to complement technological diffusion.
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    PublicationEmbargo
    Enhancing the Understanding of climate dynamics: analysis of global warming’s influence on Climatic changes across continents
    (Springer Science and Business Media, 2025-07-14) Dharmapriya, N; Edirisinghe, S; Gunawardena, V; Methmini, D; Rathnayake, N; Jayathilaka, R
    Global warming, primarily due to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide, poses a significant threat to climate stability, yet research on its combined effects across different geographical areas is limited. In order to fill that gap, this study examines how carbon emissions (CE) are impacted by greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), agricultural nitrogen oxide (ANO), urban population (UP), and fossil fuel consumption (FFC) in 185 different nations between 2000 and 2019. With the exception of urban population, which was expressed as a percentage, all variables were standardised to metric tonnes per capita using panel regression analysis. The results draw attention to geographic disparities. Africa has the lowest carbon and greenhouse gas emissions due to its extensive forest cover and minimal industrial production. Although Oceania’s greenhouse gas emissions have decreased, the region continues to emit high amounts of agricultural nitrous oxide. Rapid industrialisation is the primary cause of Asia’s growing consumption of fossil fuels. Agricultural nitrous oxide and carbon emissions have a negative correlation in Asia, Oceania, and the globe, but a positive correlation in Africa, America, and Europe. Carbon emissions and the use of fossil fuels are strongly positively correlated in every region but Asia. These results highlight the complex, location-specific factors affecting carbon emissions. For policymakers to effectively cut emissions, they must develop customised, geographically specific initiatives. In order to accomplish Sustainable Development Goal 13: Climate Action by 2030, emission controls should be strengthened, and sustainable practices should be encouraged, particularly in the use of fossil fuels and farming.
  • Thumbnail Image
    PublicationOpen Access
    Impact of climate change on agricultural production efficiency in leading agriculture-producing economies: A DEA Malmquist Productivity Index
    (Elsevier B.V., 2026-01-06) Ahmad, J; Wang, Y; Zhang, L; Shah, W.U.H; Yasmeen, R; Pathiranage, H.S.K
    Climate change significantly impacts global agricultural productivity, making it essential to examine its precise influence on production efficiency. This study evaluates the impact of climate change on agricultural production efficiency among the global leading agriculture-producing economies from 1990 to 2021. Using a DEA–Malmquist Productivity Index, the study estimates total factor productivity change (TFPC) and decomposes it into efficiency change (EC) and technological change (TC), both without and with explicit climate variables (temperature, precipitation). Average TFPC without climate factors is 1.0428, indicating 4.28 % productivity growth over the period, primarily driven by technological change. When climate variables are incorporated, the average TFPC is 1.0409; the mean difference of −0.0019 (≈ −0.18 %) shows a small but non-negligible climate impact on productivity growth. Regional variations are heterogeneous: South America and Africa exhibit diverse climate impacts, while Oceania shows the least climate effect. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests confirm significant differences in TFPC (and components) between climate and non-climate specifications and across regions. The findings underscore technology's key role in sustaining productivity under climate stress and highlight the need for region-specific adaptation policies to complement technological diffusion.
  • Thumbnail Image
    PublicationOpen Access
    Enhancing the Understanding of climate dynamics: analysis of global warming’s influence on Climatic changes across continents
    (Springer, 2025-07-14) Dharmapriya, N; Edirisinghe, S; Gunawardena, V; Methmini, D; Rathnayake, N; Jayathilaka, R
    Global warming, primarily due to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide, poses a significant threat to climate stability, yet research on its combined effects across different geographical areas is limited. In order to fill that gap, this study examines how carbon emissions (CE) are impacted by greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), agricultural nitrogen oxide (ANO), urban population (UP), and fossil fuel consumption (FFC) in 185 different nations between 2000 and 2019. With the exception of urban population, which was expressed as a percentage, all variables were standardised to metric tonnes per capita using panel regression analysis. The results draw attention to geographic disparities. Africa has the lowest carbon and greenhouse gas emissions due to its extensive forest cover and minimal industrial production. Although Oceania’s greenhouse gas emissions have decreased, the region continues to emit high amounts of agricultural nitrous oxide. Rapid industrialisation is the primary cause of Asia’s growing consumption of fossil fuels. Agricultural nitrous oxide and carbon emissions have a negative correlation in Asia, Oceania, and the globe, but a positive correlation in Africa, America, and Europe. Carbon emissions and the use of fossil fuels are strongly positively correlated in every region but Asia. These results highlight the complex, location-specific factors affecting carbon emissions. For policymakers to effectively cut emissions, they must develop customised, geographically specific initiatives. In order to accomplish Sustainable Development Goal 13: Climate Action by 2030, emission controls should be strengthened, and sustainable practices should be encouraged, particularly in the use of fossil fuels and farming.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Exploring the Influence of Intermittent Heat Exposure on Spontaneous Mutations in Drosophila melanogaster: Assessing the Role of Vitamin C in Mitigating Heat Stress and Examining Inheritance Patterns of Induced Mutations
    (Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2023-11-01) Gammanpila, H. W.; Manjula, K. R.
    Climate change poses a significant threat to the well-being of organisms. It has a detrimental impact on the survival of smaller organisms in response to climatic shifts, posing a substantial danger to biodiversity, which is already under stress due to habitat loss, emerging invasive species, and diseases. This study aimed to assess the influence of fluctuating temperatures on the physiology and behavior of Drosophila melanogaster, as well as to investigate whether such temperature fluctuations have any effect on phenotypic expression through potential spontaneous mutations. Genotypic changes were examined by observing cytological alterations in the salivary gland chromosomes. Drosophila melanogaster were exposed to intermittent heat conditions for a period of two weeks. The experimental setup was divided into four groups: a control group maintained at room temperature (25±2°C), a group at room temperature supplemented with vitamin C, a group exposed to heat at 38±2°C, and a group exposed to 38±2°C with vitamin C supplementation. Revival of the flies was noticeably better in the vitamin C supplemented group. These flies exhibited a higher revival rate even after exposure to the heat stress. Salivary gland chromosome analysis provided intriguing insights. More balbiani rings were observed, indicating elevated mRNA production during the heat exposure. Furthermore, an increase in the number of puffs in polytene chromosomes was noted, suggesting an overall increase in mRNA production in the heat-exposed flies. Additionally, the evaluation of wing mutants yielded important findings. It became evident that these mutations were not related to vestigial or curly wing traits. Instead, they indicated that heat exposure was damaging wing formation, resulting in abnormal wing patterns. These results suggest a substantial impact of temperature fluctuations on insect behavior, which can even lead to the induction of mutations. Generational studies further indicate that these mutations can be inherited.