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    PublicationOpen Access
    QPred: A Lightweight Deep Learning-Based Web Pipeline for Accessible and Scalable Streamflow Forecasting
    (Tech Science Press, 2026-03-12) Makumbura, Randika K.; Wijesundara, H; Sajindra, H; Rathnayake, U; Kumar, V; Duraibabu, D; Sen, Sumit
    Accurate streamflow prediction is essential for flood warning, reservoir operation, irrigation scheduling, hydropower planning, and sustainable water management, yet remains challenging due to the complexity of hydrological processes. Although data-driven models often outperform conventional physics-based hydrological modelling approaches, their real-world deployment is limited by cost, infrastructure demands, and the interdisciplinary expertise required. To bridge this gap, this study developed QPred, a regional, lightweight, cost-effective, web-delivered application for daily streamflow forecasting. The study executed an end-to-end workflow, from field data acquisition to accessible web-based deployment for on-demand forecasting. High-resolution rainfall data were recorded with tipping-bucket gauges and loggers, while river water depth in the Aglar and Paligaad watersheds was converted to discharge using site-specific rating curves, resulting in a daily dataset of precipitation, river water level and discharge. Four DL architectures were trained, including vanilla Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), stacked LSTM, bidirectional LSTM, and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and evaluated using Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Coefficient of Determination (R2), Root-Mean-Square-Error-Standard-Deviation Ratio (RSR), and Percentage Bias (PBIAS) metrics. Performance was watershed-specific, as the vanilla LSTM demonstrated the best generalisation for the Aglar watershed (R2 = 0.88, NSE = 0.82, RMSE = 0.12 during validation), while the GRU achieved the highest validation accuracy in Paligaad (R2 = 0.88, NSE = 0.88, RMSE = 0.49). All models achieved satisfactory to excellent performance during calibration (R2 > 0.91, NSE > 0.91 for both watersheds), demonstrating strong capability to capture streamflow dynamics. The highest performing models were selected and embedded into the QPred application. QPred was developed as a lightweight web pipeline, utilising Google Colab as the primary execution environment, Flask as the backend inference framework, Google Drive for artefact storage, and Ngrok for secure HTTPS tunnelling. A user-friendly front end utilises range sliders (bounded by observed minima and maxima) to gather inputs and provides discharge data along with metadata, thereby enhancing transparency. This work demonstrates that accurate, context-aware deep learning models can be delivered through low-cost, web-based platforms, providing a reproducible and scalable pipeline for hydrological applications in other watersheds and for practitioners. C
  • Thumbnail Image
    PublicationOpen Access
    QPred: A Lightweight Deep Learning-Based Web Pipeline for Accessible and Scalable Streamflow Forecasting
    (Tech Science Press, 2026) Makumbura, R.K; Wijesundara, H; Sajindra, H; Rathnayake, U; Kumar, V; Duraibabu, D; Sen, S
    Accurate streamflow prediction is essential for flood warning, reservoir operation, irrigation scheduling, hydropower planning, and sustainable water management, yet remains challenging due to the complexity of hydrological processes. Although data-driven models often outperform conventional physics-based hydrological modelling approaches, their real-world deployment is limited by cost, infrastructure demands, and the interdisciplinary expertise required. To bridge this gap, this study developed QPred, a regional, lightweight, cost-effective, web-delivered application for daily streamflow forecasting. The study executed an end-to-end workflow, from field data acquisition to accessible web-based deployment for on-demand forecasting. High-resolution rainfall data were recorded with tipping-bucket gauges and loggers, while river water depth in the Aglar and Paligaad watersheds was converted to discharge using site-specific rating curves, resulting in a daily dataset of precipitation, river water level and discharge. Four DL architectures were trained, including vanilla Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), stacked LSTM, bidirectional LSTM, and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and evaluated using Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Coefficient of Determination (R2), Root-Mean-Square-Error-Standard-Deviation Ratio (RSR), and Percentage Bias (PBIAS) metrics. Performance was watershed-specific, as the vanilla LSTM demonstrated the best generalisation for the Aglar watershed (R2 = 0.88, NSE = 0.82, RMSE = 0.12 during validation), while the GRU achieved the highest validation accuracy in Paligaad (R2 = 0.88, NSE = 0.88, RMSE = 0.49). All models achieved satisfactory to excellent performance during calibration (R2 > 0.91, NSE > 0.91 for both watersheds), demonstrating strong capability to capture streamflow dynamics. The highest performing models were selected and embedded into the QPred application. QPred was developed as a lightweight web pipeline, utilising Google Colab as the primary execution environment, Flask as the backend inference framework, Google Drive for artefact storage, and Ngrok for secure HTTPS tunnelling. A user-friendly front end utilises range sliders (bounded by observed minima and maxima) to gather inputs and provides discharge data along with metadata, thereby enhancing transparency. This work demonstrates that accurate, context-aware deep learning models can be delivered through low-cost, web-based platforms, providing a reproducible and scalable pipeline for hydrological applications in other watersheds and for practitioners. Copyright
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    PublicationOpen Access
    POSTUREEASE: A Web Based Application for Monitoring the Sitting Posture in Computer Based Working Environment
    (SLIIT City UNI, 2025-07-08) Thennakoon, T.M.C.L; Worthington, A.E
    In today’s digital era, prolonged computer usage is commonplace, particularly in professional environments. However, extended periods of improper sitting posture can result in musculoskeletal disorders, fatigue, and chronic health complications. Addressing this concern, this research presents PostureEase, a web-based posture analysis application designed to promote ergonomic awareness and encourage healthy sitting habits. The system leverages computer vision and machine learning technologies to monitor posture in real time using webcam input. Developed with a React-based frontend and a Python-Flask backend, PostureEase processes live video streams through OpenCV and MediaPipe to detect poor posture based on facial and shoulder landmarks. Upon detecting improper alignment, the system provides immediate alerts to the user. Key features include posture history tracking, automated report generation, and exercise and ergonomic recommendations. Evaluation of the system demonstrated reliable performance under typical working conditions, with responsive detection and user-friendly interaction. This research contributes to the domain of health technology by offering a practical and preventive tool for posture correction. Future enhancements may include mobile integration and personalized analytics to further improve user experience and effectiveness. With a modular architecture and high usability, PostureEase achieved an accuracy of 92% in posture classification under normal lighting and device conditions. The system was evaluated through both user testing and technical validation, highlighting its potential for scalable deployment in ergonomic health monitoring.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Rich web-based applications: an umbrella term with a definition and taxonomies for development techniques and technologies
    (International Journal of Future Computer and Communication, 2018-03) Dissanayake, N. R; Dias, G. K. A
    There is a wide range of web-based applications, which use a rich communication model such as Rich Internet Applications, mobile apps, cloud-based systems, Internet of Things based systems, etc.; however, a proper term to address them all and a definition, which covers and explains the common characteristics of them are missing. A definition of a concept is important as the definition provides a precise common understanding of the focused artifacts, which helps in increasing the realization of these artifacts towards proper utilization of them. We propose the umbrella term Rich Webbased Application to address the aforementioned types of applications, and also propose a definition for it, aligning to the common architectural characteristics of these applications. In addition, we deliver a set of taxonomies to classify the techniques and technologies related to the development of Rich Web-based Applications, in the direction of improving the understanding of the proper utilization of them. In future, we expect to introduce an architectural style for these Rich Webbased Applications, based on the proposed definition.