Faculty of Computing

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Author: search.filters.author.Tapparello, C

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Design of a kinetic energy harvester for elephant mounted wireless sensor nodes of jumbonet
    (IEEE, 2016-12-04) Wijesundara, M; Tapparello, C; Gamage, A; Gokulan, Y; Gittelson, L; Howard, T; Heinzelman, W
    In areas where the habitats of elephants and humans are rapidly encroaching on each other, real-time monitoring of the elephants' locations has the potential to drastically improve the co-existence of elephants and humans, resulting in reduced deaths in both groups. However, as tagging (using GPS collars) elephants to obtain such location information is difficult and costly, it is important to ensure very long lifetimes of the tags, which can only be achieved using energy harvesting. In this paper, we present a kinetic energy harvester that uses magnetic levitation and ferro fluid bearings to generate energy from an elephant's movements. In order to determine the feasibility of using this kinetic energy harvester for powering the tags on elephants, we obtained real acceleration data collected from an Asian elephant over a 10 day period, and this data was then used to tune the system to maximize the harvested energy. Using experimentally validated analytical and simulation models, and the actual elephant acceleration data, we find that our prototype can generate 88.91J of energy per day. This energy is not only sufficient to power the tags to acquire and transmit locations 24 times a day to a distance of 114Km (line of sight), but provides a surplus of at least 35.40J, which can be used to increase the frequency of position updates or to support alternative communication options such as GPRS. Therefore, this shows the viability of long-term tracking of elephants.
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    PublicationEmbargo
    Design of a Low-Frequency Linear Motion Testbed for Electromagnetic Kinetic Energy Harvesters in JumboNet
    (IEEE, 2017-09-14) Wijesundara, M; Gamage, A; Gokulan, Y; Tapparello, C
    Kinetic energy harvesting on animals is an emerging technology that could facilitate real-time monitoring of wild elephants. Real-time monitoring is a proven solution to the Human-Elephant Conflict, a problem that has spread across Asia and Africa. However, when designing electromagnetic harvesters, it is essential to accurately model the voltage produced due to electromagnetic effects. In this paper, we present the design, development and the complete simulation of a simple and low-cost linear motion testbed that estimates the generation of an electromagnetic harvester. We integrated the dynamic non-linear flux linkage across the coil with an analytical model that accurately estimated the motion of the moving magnet. The experimental measurements from the testbed were better than 80% in agreement with the simulation results within the frequency range of 1Hz to 2Hz.
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    PublicationEmbargo
    Energy Conservation in Animal Tracking
    (IEEE, 2018-03-05) Ayatollahi, H; Tapparello, C; Wijesundara, M; Heinzelman, W
    Wireless animal tracking represents the process of using battery operated wireless collars or tags to monitor and track animals in the wild. Given that it is particularly difficult to tag some species, communication protocols must be designed to be energy efficient, while still ensuring a high packet delivery ratio and low delay. In this paper, we present an energy efficient cross-layer protocol for an animal tracking application. The proposed protocol, MAC-LEAP, is a MIMO based energy adaptive protocol that reduces the energy consumption of the nodes by dynamically selecting their number of antennas for communication. We evaluate this protocol in an elephant tracking application in three different scenarios; when the nodes have limited energy, when the nodes have unlimited energy; and when the tags can be recharged via energy harvesting. Our results show that MAC-LEAP outperforms traditional protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio, and average packet delay and energy consumption.
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    JumboNet Elephant Tracking Using Delay-Tolerant Routing with Multiple Sinks
    (IEEE, 2018-03-05) Adam, N; Tapparello, C; Wijesundara, N; Heinzelman, W
    Wildlife monitoring is vital in areas where humans and animals share the same living area. For instance, in Sri Lanka there are a high number of deaths among elephants and people due to the human-elephant conflict. A possible solution to reduce the number of deaths is to monitor the elephants' locations in real-time, and to promptly intervene when elephants approach human populated areas. Tagging elephants with GPS collars represents a viable solution, but obtaining location information can quickly drain tag batteries. As a result, systems that utilize energy harvesting have been proposed as a promising alternative to ensure very long lifetimes of the tags. As the amount of energy that can be harvested in a given time period is limited, communication protocols must be designed to be energy efficient, while still ensuring a high packet delivery ratio and low delay. In this paper, we analyze the performance of different delay-tolerant network protocols in a real scenario using actual elephant movement data from JumboNet and examine the effects of increasing the number of sinks in the network on the packet delivery ratio, average packet delay, and average energy consumption. We find that epidemic routing outperforms other protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio when using low transmission powers. On the other hand, if enough energy is available and the tracking system can support high transmission powers, direct delivery is superior compared to a multi-hop routing approach.
  • Thumbnail Image
    PublicationEmbargo
    Design of a kinetic energy harvester for elephant mounted wireless sensor nodes of jumbonet
    (IEEE, 2016-12-04) Wijesundara, M; Tapparello, C; Gamage, A; Gokulan, Y; Gittelson, L; Howard, T; Heinzelman, W
    In areas where the habitats of elephants and humans are rapidly encroaching on each other, real-time monitoring of the elephants' locations has the potential to drastically improve the co-existence of elephants and humans, resulting in reduced deaths in both groups. However, as tagging (using GPS collars) elephants to obtain such location information is difficult and costly, it is important to ensure very long lifetimes of the tags, which can only be achieved using energy harvesting. In this paper, we present a kinetic energy harvester that uses magnetic levitation and ferro fluid bearings to generate energy from an elephant's movements. In order to determine the feasibility of using this kinetic energy harvester for powering the tags on elephants, we obtained real acceleration data collected from an Asian elephant over a 10 day period, and this data was then used to tune the system to maximize the harvested energy. Using experimentally validated analytical and simulation models, and the actual elephant acceleration data, we find that our prototype can generate 88.91J of energy per day. This energy is not only sufficient to power the tags to acquire and transmit locations 24 times a day to a distance of 114Km (line of sight), but provides a surplus of at least 35.40J, which can be used to increase the frequency of position updates or to support alternative communication options such as GPRS. Therefore, this shows the viability of long-term tracking of elephants.