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    PublicationOpen Access
    Biocompatibility vs antibacterial activity: chitosan-mediated nanosilver/PCL/gelatin nanofibers
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2026) Chandraguptha, D; Fernando, L; Herath, L; Godakanda, V. U; Perera, N; Samarakoon, S; de Silva, K. M. N; Williams, G.R; de Silva, W. R.M
    Electrospinning is an efficient approach to prepare nanofiber scaffolds that mimic local tissue environments. While many reported scaffolds incorporate nanoparticles, detailed assessments of how nanosilver distribution affects antibacterial activity and biocompatibility remain limited. In this study, we developed an electrospun biopolymer scaffold composed of polycaprolactone and gelatin with chitosan-mediated nanosilver (C-AgNPs), introduced either by bulk surface coating or by dispersing the NPs within the electrospinning solution. The C-AgNP surface-coated scaffold exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, whereas the dispersed scaffold did not. However, the dispersed scaffold promoted higher dermal fibroblast viability (82.7%) compared with the coated scaffold (60.9%). Zebrafish embryo assays further revealed mild developmental toxicity from the coated scaffold but no observable toxicity from the dispersed formulation. These findings demonstrate a distinct trade-off between antibacterial efficacy and cytocompatibility depending on nanoparticle distribution. Understanding this relationship is critical for designing electrospun nanofiber scaffolds with balanced biological properties.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Persulfate assisted photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of TiO2–CuO coupled with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide
    (https://www.nature.com, 2024-05-31) Thambiliyagodage, C; Liyanaarachchi, H; Jayanetti, M; Ekanayake, G; Mendis, A; Samarakoon, U; Vigneswaran, S
    Photocatalysts of TiO2–CuO coupled with 30% graphene oxide (GO) were hydrothermally fabricated, which varied the TiO2 to CuO weight ratios to 1:4, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 4:1 and reduced to form TiO2–CuO/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) photocatalysts. They were characterized using XRD, TEM, SEM, XPS, Raman, and DRS technologies. TiO2–CuO composites and TiO2–CuO/GO degrade methylene blue when persulfate ions are present. Persulfate concentration ranged from 1, 2, 4 to 8 mmol/dm−3 in which the highest activity of 4.4 × 10–2 and 7.35 × 10–2 min−1 was obtained with 4 mmol/dm−3 for TiO2–CuO (1:4) and TiO2–CuO/GO (1:1), respectively. The presence of EDTA and isopropyl alcohol reduced the photodegradation. TiO2–CuO coupled with rGO coagulates methylene blue in the presence of persulfate ions and such coagulation is independent of light. The catalyst dosage and the concentration of the dye were varied for the best-performing samples. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized samples was evaluated against the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia. Ti:Cu (1:2)-GO and Ti:Cu (1:4)-GO had the highest antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae (16.08 ± 0.14 mm), P. aeruginosa (22.33 ± 0.58 mm), E. coli (16.17 ± 0.29 mm) and S. aureus (16.08 ± 0.88).