Circular Economy Practices and Challenges in the Industries of Bangladesh: A Case Study

Abstract

Circular economy (CE) is a concept that represents a paradigm shift from the conventional linear economic model—characterized by the "take-make-dispose" approach—toward a more sustainable framework grounded in the principles of "reduce-reuse-recycle." This transition emphasizes enhanced resource efficiency and the minimization of waste generation. While regions such as Europe and North America have made significant progress in integrating circular economy principles, Bangladesh continues to operate largely within a linear economic framework, exhibiting low levels of recycling and substantial waste accumulation. Circular economy awareness and implementation remain limited across most industrial sectors in Bangladesh, with only a few industries demonstrating preliminary engagement. Nonetheless, the country possesses considerable untapped potential for CE adoption. To investigate the current status and practices of the circular economy in Bangladesh, this study employed semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders across relevant sectors. Additionally, secondary data sources, including annual reports and industry publications, were analyzed to complement and triangulate the primary findings. In this paper, circular economy practices and challenges in a large home appliance manufacturing company of Bangladesh are explored and beneficial guidelines are suggested.