Research Papers - Department of Mechanical Engineering

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Author: search.filters.author.Shrestha, R. MHas files: Yes

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    Effects of carbon tax on greenhouse gas mitigation in Thailand
    (Taylor & Francis Group, 2008-01-01) Shrestha, R. M; Pradhan, S; Liyanage, M. H
    This study analyses energy system development and the associated greenhouse gas emissions in Thailand under a reference case and three different carbon tax scenarios during 2013–2050 using a bottom-up cost-minimizing energy system model based on the Asia–Pacific Integrated Assessment Model (AIM/Enduse) framework. It considers the role of the renewable energy technologies as well as some emerging GHG-mitigating technologies, e.g. carbon capture and storage (CCS) in power generation, and GHG reduction in the country, and found that the power sector will play a major role in CO2 emission reduction. Under the carbon tax scenarios, most of the CO2 emission reduction (over 70%) will come from the power sector. The results also indicate the very significant potential for CO2 emission reduction through a significant change in the transport system of the country by shifting from low-occupancy personal modes of transport to electrified MRTS and railways.
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    Scenario-based analyses of energy system development and its environmental implications in Thailand
    (Elsevier, 2007-06-01) Shrestha, R. M; Malla, S; Liyanage, M. H
    Thailand is one of the fastest growing energy-intensive economies in Southeast Asia. To formulate sound energy policies in the country, it is important to understand the impact of energy use on the environment over the long-period. This study examines energy system development and its associated greenhouse gas and local air pollutant emissions under four scenarios in Thailand through the year 2050. The four scenarios involve different growth paths for economy, population, energy efficiency and penetration of renewable energy technologies. The paper assesses the changes in primary energy supply mix, sector-wise final energy demand, energy import dependency and CO2, SO2 and NOx emissions under four scenarios using end-use based Asia-Pacific Integrated Assessment Model (AIM/Enduse) of Thailand.
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    Factors affecting CO2 emission from the power sector of selected countries in Asia and the Pacific
    (Elsevier, 2009-06-01) Shrestha, R. M; Anandarajah, G; Liyanage, M. H
    This study analyzes the key factors behind the CO2 emissions from the power sector in fifteen selected countries in Asia and the Pacific using the Log-Mean Divisia Index method of decomposition. The roles of changes in economic output, electricity intensity of the economy, fuel intensity of power generation and generation structure are examined in the evolution of CO2 emission from the power sector of the selected countries during 1980–2004. The study shows that the economic growth was the dominant factor behind the increase in CO2 emission in ten of the selected countries (i.e., Australia, China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam, while the increasing electricity intensity of the economy was the main factor in three countries (Bangladesh, Indonesia and Philippines). Structural changes in power generation were found to be the main contributor to changes in the CO2 emission in the case of Sri Lanka and New Zealand.
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    Economy wide emission impacts of carbon and energy tax in electricity supply industry: A case study on Sri Lanka
    (Pergamon, 2007-07-01) Siriwardena, K; Wijayatunga, P. D.C; Fernando, W.J.L.S; Shrestha, R. M; Attalage, R. A
    This paper presents the results and analysis of a study conducted with the objective of investigating the impact on economy wide emissions due to carbon and energy taxes levied within the electricity generation sector of Sri Lanka. This exercise is mainly based on the input–output table developed by the national planning department. An input–output decomposition technique is used to analyze four types of effects that contribute to the overall reduction in equivalent carbon, NOx and SO2 emissions. These four effects are: fuel mix effect (i.e. the change in emissions due to variation I fuel mix), structural effect (i.e. change in emissions due to changes in technological coefficients with taxes compared to that without taxes), final demand effect (i.e. the change in emissions associated with changes in final demand) and joint effect (i.e. the interactive effect between or among the fuel mix, structural and final demand effects). The polluting fuel sources and low energy efficiency generation technologies are less preferred under these tax regimes. Of the four effects, a change in fuel mix in thermal electricity generation and a change final demand for electricity were found to be the main contributors in achieving economy wide emission reductions. It was found in the analysis that a minimum of US$ 50/tC tax or US$ 1.0/MBtu of energy tax is required to have a significant impact on economy wide emissions in the Sri Lankan context. This translates into an overall increase in electricity generation cost of approximately USCts 0.9 kW−1 h−1 and USCts 0.6 kW−1 h−1 under the carbon and energy tax regimes, respectively. The reduction in emissions is also strongly coupled with the value of the price elasticity of electricity.