Research Publications Authored by SLIIT Staff

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This collection includes all SLIIT staff publications presented at external conferences and published in external journals. The materials are organized by faculty to facilitate easy retrieval.

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Open Access
True nature of brain drain and brain gain: A MM-QR analysis on migration, remittances and FDI
(Elsevier Ltd, 2026-12) Lokuliyana, A; Perera, J; Perera, R; Marina, N; Samarakkody, T; Kankanam Pathiranage, H.S
With ever-changing global dynamics, understanding which factors promote or hinder economic growth is crucial for any country. Although many studies have examined the variables migration, remittances, and FDI, fewer have examined their collective impact on economic growth in an income-level analysis. A noticeable limitation of the few existing studies in the area is the inability of the mean-based models to address the heterogeneity in real-life distributions. The main objective of the study was to bridge the knowledge gap and address the heterogeneity concerns in mean-based models using MM-QR, meanwhile providing quantile-based evidence for economic theories such as endogenous growth theory, structural transformation theory and most importantly, brain drain theory. The study used a panel dataset of 118 countries from 1995 to 2023, categorized into 4 income levels. Results of the study supported the brain drain theory, where migration negatively affected poorer economies and hinted at the possible existence of brain gain in HICs. Continuous non-linear behavior of FDI, remittances explained the existence of developmental asymmetries and supported endogenous growth theory and structural transformation theory and reveals development threshold effects. Finally, the study underlines the importance of placing tailored policies to absorb migration, remittances and FDIs for economic growth and provides policy recommendations accordingly.
Open Access
Globalisation and environmental pressure in Europe: evidence from ecological footprint dynamics
(Springer, 2026-05-12) Meegamaarachchi, C; Senavirathna, N; Perera, R; Reshini, P; Jayathilaka, R; Athalage, D
Background: Environmental degradation, as assessed by the ecological footprint, remains a significant global challenge. Although research has examined its linkages with globalisation, evidence remains fragmented and region-specific, thereby leaving uncertainties regarding global patterns and temporal causality. Methods: This study examines the predictive causal dynamics based on Granger causality between globalisation and environmental degradation across 35 European countries from 1993 to 2023, using the panel and country-level Granger causality and Wavelet Coherence analyses. Given the strong regulatory architecture of the European Union, understanding how global economic integration interacts with environmental outcomes is crucial for designing effective regional environmental governance strategies. Results: The findings demonstrate that environmental-globalisation dynamics in Europe operate through multi-scale interaction rather than uniform country-level pathways. These findings highlight the importance of supranational regulatory coordination within the European Union, where environmental governance is shaped not only by national policies but also by regional regulatory frameworks. Furthermore, the study’s findings underscore the importance of regional and country-specific policy implications. These patterns suggest potential heterogeneity across countries; however, given the statistical limitations associated with multiple testing and the small sample size. These findings should be interpreted as indicative rather than conclusive evidence of institutional differences. Time–frequency analysis reveals that globalisation intensifies ecological pressure in the short-term, while it demonstrates mitigating effects over the medium-term. This pattern is consistently observed across the empirical analysis. Conclusion: By employing the ecological footprint as a comprehensive indicator and introducing the LJC heat map visualisation, this study advances methodological and empirical understanding of the globalisation-environmental nexus, while providing targeted policy insights for SDG-aligned sustainability strategies.
Open Access
Semi-Automated Spice Packaging Machine for Middle Scale Business in Sri Lanka
(SLIIT, 2022-02-11) Jayasuriya, A; Perera, R; Thihara, I; De Silva, S
In Sri Lanka, small scale spice packaging businesses use traditional methods while middle scale spice packaging businesses use separate machineries for each individual tasks such as weighing, filling, and sealing processes. Comparatively, considering the higher demand for large-scale spice products in the market, they use highly expensive, technically improved, automated machinery. According to the researches and the site visits, it is observed that currently, there is no affordable packaging machine available in the local market for middle scale businessmen, which includes all weighing, filling and sealing processes in a single system. Therefore, it limits their profits and production. The current used methods in middle scale businesses cause high wastage of raw materials, less accuracy, less hygienic, higher labor costs, and low efficiency. This project proposes a semi-automated, Arduino based machinery for middle scale spice packaging business where a packet is fed manually to the system, while weighing, filling, and sealing processes are automated and sequentially completed. The operation of this machine can be carried out with an involvement of a single laborer. The designed product is pneumatic based and uses some sensors for position, weighing and level detection, heating element, stepper motors, pneumatic system components for smooth operation and Arduino as the micro controller to make it cost effective. With this innovative structure, three packets can be filled and sealed within fifteen seconds while the current used method takes fifteen seconds to complete this process for a single packet. Cost and time effectiveness, reducing ingredient wastage and labor cost are the main advantages of this project. Due to the COVID-19 health restrictions, the hardware implementation is partially completed but to illustrate the working principle and the design plan, a 3D animated model was implemented using SolidWorks, incorporated with electrical stimulation in the Proteus software package.
Embargo
“Cradle to Gate” assessment of material related embodied carbon: A design stage stratagem for mid-rise housing in Sri Lanka
(Elsevier, 2021-01-01) Jayawardana, A; Perera, N; Perera, R
Achieving low carbon buildings is seen as a key concept in order to reduce carbon emission and mitigate climate change. In contrast to operational emission, material related embodied carbon (EC) in the built environment plays a pivotal role, with the continuous consumption of high carbon emitting materials. This research relates to the ‘Cradle-to-Gate’ system boundary, while limiting its focus on building design stage decisions. A hybrid analysis approach was adopted - a bottom-up process with steps encompassing mass analysis, EC calculation, highlighting carbon hotspots, and ultimately the identification of critical building components. As a case study, multi-storey housing was selected as a critical building typology, in Sri Lanka. The results reveal ‘walls’ as a carbon hotspot that needs to be explored in strategies for mitigation. Substantial EC savings were seen in the selection of fly ash blocks as an alternate material to clay brick or cement block. Changes to the configuration of walls, specifically, bonding patterns and non-inclusion of a plaster layer, also showed savings. This paper, contributes to the understanding of material selection implications - in the cradle-to-gate stage - for the reduction of carbon emissions in mid-rise housing, in the context of Sri Lanka.
Open Access
Space Modification and Personalization in Public Housing: Case of Walk-Up Apartments in Sri Lanka
(researchgate.net, 2019-11) Kularatne, K; Ajanthi Coorey, S. B; Perera, R
Public housing programs are critical in developing countries such as Sri Lanka where Governments’ aim to accommodate housing affordability through a dynamic housing market addressing the desired housing mobility and choice of housing solutions. The process of public housing production lacks end-user participation in its design stage and instead provides a typical layout to communities with similar needs and requirements. Nevertheless, the end user inhabits the house by a process of modifications addressing their changing needs and requirements. But such process has no involvement of an Architect, thus modifications done without space planning and design knowledge, results in inhabitable spaces and poor quality of the living environment. This study explores the personalization strategies of the public housing process taking two ‘walk-up apartments’ type of public housing schemes as a case study.
Embargo
Smart saline management system
(IEEE, 2018-04-11) Amarasekara, C; Manage, R; Abeywickrama, C; Perera, R; Achchige, R. A. S. R; Wijekoon, J
Supplying the correct amount of vital nutrition at the correct time is the most fundamental and important requirement for the hospitalized patients. Among those treatments, saline therapy is the most important treatment many patients receive from the hospitals. It is a fact that, in almost all hospitals of Sri Lanka, an assistant or a nurse, among other assigned health care duties, are responsible for monitoring the saline supplied for each patient. Unfortunately, there are some critical situations, i.e., patient's blood refluxing back into the saline tubing system, patients had to experience because of the observers' mistake due to their busy schedules. Nonetheless, the traditional method of supplying saline is also proven not accurate because the saline drop rate for a patient has been adjusted by looking at the drops falling speed in the drip chamber. The proposed system facilitates a sophisticated method of controlling saline drop rate by monitoring the saline system remotely by using IoT.
Embargo
Assessment of shop house enterprises in the Bangkok metropolitan area in view of environmental and health aspects
(Elsevier, 2014-04-01) Potipituk, C; Perera, R
This study aims to assess environmental and health impacts created by shop house enterprises and to identify the factors contributing to those impacts. The work was carried out in Bangkok, Thailand. This study used questionnaire surveys, interviews, and data collection. Responses were obtained from two different groups of stakeholders. First, the perceptions of owners and workers in shop house enterprises of their environmental management practices were determined. A second group of stakeholders consisting of affected community members, customers and relevant decision makers was queried to determine their perceptions of environmental performance of shop house enterprises. Using this strategy, perceived environmental conditions were determined by stakeholders and supported with actual measurement in air and noise pollution generated by shop house enterprises. The study results show that activities of shop house enterprise are perceived to generate adverse environmental and health impacts at various levels. The magnitude of each of these impacts suggests the priority at which policy interventions are needed to address these factors. We conclude that public policy to reduce environmental and health impacts should be done concurrently with efforts to mitigate factors contributing to environmental and health impacts generated by shop house enterprises. The effectiveness of existing environmental management measures for shop house enterprises by a decentralized administrative system requires further examination. It will be necessary to revisit existing environmental management practices for enterprises engaging in high risk activities.
Open Access
Impact of urbanization on the water resources and public health in Pathumthani Province, Thailand
(2006-11-22) Perera, R; Pradhan, P
This study attempts to analyze and describe the trend and pattern of urbanization, its impact on water resources as well as public health in Pathumthani province, which is an adjacent province of Bangkok Metropolitan. This province has good canal (khlong) network system. These khlongs have their own cultural and historical values. But the province has been promoted as a location for industrial development policy reforms introduced in Thailand in 1977. The study was carried out, using GIS as a tool, to identify the land use change. Major chemical parameters were selected to analysis water quality and cases registered data on water born diseases were analyzed to identify the impact on public health. The study reveals that growths have mainly occurred along the highways, river and khlongs sections. The findings highlight the situation of water quality in river and khlongs arising out of the process of urbanization in the province and its affect on public health.
Open Access
Construction waste management from a gender perspective
(2008-09) Manowong, E; Perera, R
Construction industry generates high volume of waste. The availability of dump sites for construction waste is decreasing and becoming a serious problem. Common waste management strategies such as Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (3Rs) can be provided for construction waste management (CWM). However, in order to be extensively implemented in construction industry, such practices need to be recognized by construction operatives and the general public whose behavior may be influenced by their attitudes and perception. A survey was carried out to investigate current situation of CWM in various regions of Thailand. Attitudes, perceptions, and roles of men and women in the construction-related sectors were analyzed. Recommendations are planners and decision-makers to improve the relevant parties’ perception and attitudes towards CWM policy planning and implementation in the GMS countries.
Open Access
Problems and prospects of utilizing canal banks to enhance the built-environment in Colombo
(NSF, 2003-07-27) Perera, R
Waterfronts are assets that enhance the quality of built-environment in urban areas. They are used as public and recreational spaces in many cities around the world. However, cities and towns in Sri Lanka most often turn their back to water bodies. Colombo has environmental assets in the form of a sea front, a lake and a canal network, yet not much attempt has been made to utilize their potential to enhance the quality of environment of the city until recent times. The lake is being rehabilitated while the canal network has already been rehabilitated under externally funded projects. It is observed that the rehabilitated canal network is fast falling back to its previous state of stagnation and pollution due to non-utilization of improved canals and banks. This paper focuses attention on possible strategies to sustain their improved environmental quality in order to enhance the built-environment of the city

Research Publications Authored by SLIIT Staff

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