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    PublicationEmbargo
    Air pollution, socioeconomic development, and ischaemic heart disease mortality in Asia
    (Springer Science and Business Media, 2026-07) Cooray, D; Jayathilaka, R
    Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD) remains one of the leading causes of global mortality. Recent evidence indicates a persistent upward trend in IHD mortality in Asia, despite declines in many other regions. Increasing exposure to ambient air pollution, together with socioeconomic and behavioural transitions, suggests that environmental and social determinants may play an important role in shaping regional cardiovascular outcomes. This study investigates the combined influence of air pollution, socioeconomic development, behavioural factors, and pathological conditions on IHD mortality across 31 Asian countries from 2000 to 2021. Panel regression techniques were employed to capture temporal dynamics and cross-country heterogeneity. These were complemented by country-specific linear regressions to identify differential national-level effects. The analysis focuses on ambient particulate matter (PM2.5), alcohol consumption, anaemia prevalence, and the Human Development Index (HDI). The results show that a one-litre increase in per-capita alcohol consumption is associated with approximately eight additional IHD deaths per 100,000 population. Higher anaemia prevalence also significantly increases mortality risk. In addition, a 1% increase in PM2.5 exposure associated with approximately 0.4 additional IHD deaths per 100,000 population, highlighting the cardiovascular burden of poor air quality. In contrast, higher levels of socioeconomic development, reflected by improvements in HDI, are associated with a substantial reduction in IHD mortality. These findings highlight the need for integrated policy responses that combine air quality regulation with health, nutrition, and socioeconomic development strategies. Strengthening air pollution control, together with broader socioeconomic interventions, is essential for reducing the growing cardiovascular burden in Asia.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Mapping causal relationships between migration and economic growth: A visual and empirical approach
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2025-09-19) Azmi, Y; Landersz, S; Dissanayake, P; Chloe, L; Jayathilaka, R
    The focus of this study is to identify whether causal relationships exist between migration and economic growth across countries in the Asian continent. Real GDP per capita and net migration per capita were used to measure economic growth and net migration, respectively. A dataset comprising panel data from 1994 to 2023, covering 41 countries, was utilised. The Bootstrap Dumitrescu and Hurlin Granger non-causality test was conducted for a continental analysis of Asia. Further, the Granger causality Wald test was undertaken for in-depth country-level analysis. The empirical results indicate a unidirectional causality in Asian continent, and Eastern, and Western Asian sub reigns while other sub reigns indicated no causality. Additionally, while majority of the countries indicated no causality, seven countries namely, Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan, Viet Nam, Sri Lanka, Macao SAR China, Malaysia and Rep. Korea indicated unidirectional causalities. Based on these findings, implications were made for policymakers when developing economic policies that leverage the economic potential of net migration.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Determining the influence of LPI, GCI and IR on FDI: A study on the Asia and Pacific Region
    (PLoS ONE, 2023-02-01) Wannisinghe, P; Jayakody, S; RathnayakeI, S; Wijayasinghe, D; Jayathilaka, R; Madhavika, N
    This study examines the impact of the Logistics Performance Index (LPI), Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) and Interest Rates (IR) on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for the Asia & Pacific region. The study is original as extensive evidence on the impact of LPI, GCI and IR on FDI in the Asia & Pacific region are examined initially. For the years 2007, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018, data was gathered for 33 nations in the Asia and Pacific area. Data analysis was performed using a panel regression model and multiple linear regression. The findings of the study reveal that LPI, GCI and IR are the three major factors influencing FDI inflows into the economies. However, the impact of these factors varies from country to country. The results concluded that LPI positively impacts FDI in India, Korea, Lebanon, and Oman. In contrast, a negative influence was observed for China, Kuwait and the Philippines. GCI positively impacts FDI in China, Korea, Kuwait, Pakistan and the Philippines, while a negative impact was observed in Armenia, India, Lebanon. Furthermore, IR has a positive impact on FDI flows in China and Egypt while in Korea and Lebanon, a negative impact was observed. Therefore, policymakers should focus more on improving the infrastructural requirements and macroeconomic factors while considering the other countrylevel variables that influence the FDI in flow.