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Publication Open Access Integrated Microalgal–Aquaponic Systems for Enhanced Water Treatment and Food Security: A Critical Review of Recent Advances in Process Integration and Resource Recovery(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2026-01-12) Dodangodage, C.A; Kasturiarachchi, J. C; Wijesekara, I. A; Perera, T.A; Rajapakshe, D; Halwatura, RThe convergence of food insecurity, water scarcity, and environmental degradation has intensified the global search for sustainable agricultural models. Integrated Microalgal– Aquaponic Systems (IAMS) have emerged as a novel multi-trophic platform that unites aquaculture, hydroponics, and microalgal cultivation into a closed-loop framework for resource-efficient food production and water recovery. This critical review synthesizes empirical findings and engineering advancements published between 2008 and 2024, evaluating IAMS performance relative to traditional agriculture and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Reported under controlled laboratory and pilot-scale conditions, IAMS have achieved nitrogen and phosphorus recovery efficiencies exceeding 95% while potentially reducing water consumption by up to 90% compared to conventional farming. The integration of microalgal photobioreactors enhances nutrient retention, may contribute to internal carbon capture, and enables the generation of diversified co-products, including biofertilizers and protein-rich aquafeeds. Nevertheless, significant barriers to commercial scalability persist, including the biological complexity of maintaining multi-trophic synchrony, high initial capital expenditure (CAPEX), and regulatory ambiguity regarding the safety of waste-derived algal biomass. Technical challenges such as photobioreactor upscaling, biofouling control, and energy optimization are critically discussed. Finally, the review evaluates the alignment of IAMS with UN Sustainable Development Goals 2, 6, and 13, and outlines future research priorities in techno-economic modeling, automation, and policy development to facilitate the transition of IAMS from pilot-scale innovations to viable industrial solutions.Item Embargo OrchiZen: Hybrid Integrated Smart Farming System for Orchid Plantations(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025) Wijendra, D; Jayasinghearachchi, V; Dilshan O.A.P.; Herath H.M.K.C.B; Yapa Y.M.T.N.S; Rathnasiri K.D.M.M.OrchiZen is a hybrid integrated smart farming system designed for orchid cultivation, leveraging Machine Learning (ML) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to address key horticultural challenges, including irrigation, disease treatment, choice of species, lighting, and nutrients. The OrchiZen has smart irrigation advisory, species recommendation, Ultraviolet (UV) based disease treatment, light optimization, and fertilizer advisory. The priorities are given to specific species such as Dendrobium, Vanda, and Phalaenopsis. The realities of telemonitoring, data processing, and forecasting increase organizational productivity and contribute to better environmental management. The outcomes illustrate that existing modern technologies can enhance the output and ecology of the orchid production to a significant extent, redefining the conventional technologies.