Research Publications

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    Throat AI - An Intelligent System For Detecting Foreign Objects In Lateral Neck X-Ray Images
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025) Baddewithana, P; Krishara, J; Yapa, K
    Foreign Object ingestion is a commonly encountered medical condition within the Ear, Nose, and Throat clinical domain. Timely and accurate detection of such objects is vital, as it often guides the need for surgical intervention. Among the available imaging techniques, lateral neck X-rays are the most widely used radiographs to visualize and assess the presence of FOs in the throat. However, manual interpretation of these images can be time-consuming and subject to human error, potentially leading to misdiagnosis or delayed treatment. This research presents a deep learning-based software solution, deployable via web and mobile platforms, aimed at assisting medical professionals with the automated detection of FOs in lateral neck X-rays. The system leverages state-of-the-art YOLO object detection models, specifically evaluating novel versions such as YOLO-NAS-s, YOLOv11s, and YOLOv8s-OBB to ensure high detection accuracy and deployment efficiency. The best-performing model, YOLO-NAS-s, achieved a validation accuracy of 96.3%. For deployment, the model was hosted on the Roboflow platform and accessed via a FastAPI-based middleware server. Performance evaluation showed an average inference time of approximately 2 seconds and a memory footprint of around 100 MB on standard computing hardware, demonstrating its suitability for integration into resource-constrained clinical environments. This setup highlights the system's lightweight design and real-world applicability. Training, evaluation, and testing of the deep learning models were conducted using a dataset curated from public local healthcare institutions and online medical imaging repositories.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Advancing Object Detection: A Narrative Review of Evolving Techniques and Their Navigation Applications
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025-03-17) Tennekoon, S; Wedasingha, N; Welhenge, A; Abhayasinghe, N; Murray Am, I
    Object detection plays a pivotal role in advancing computer vision systems by enabling machines to perceive and interact intelligently with their environments. Despite significant advancements, comprehensive exploration of its evolution and applications in navigation remains underrepresented. This review paper examines the evolution of object detection technologies, from early methodologies to contemporary advancements, and their critical role in navigation tasks. The emphasis was on the significance of contextual learning in enhancing object detection performance by leveraging spatial and temporal information. Furthermore, the limitations of conventional approaches that rely heavily on hand-engineered features are examined. It is then demonstrated that contextual learning facilitates automated feature extraction, resulting in improved accuracy exceeding a 50% increase and adaptability in diverse applications. The review concludes by outlining future trends and opportunities for further advancements in object detection and, underscoring its transformative impact on autonomous navigation and beyond. In summary, this review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of object detection technologies by offering insights into their evolution, highlighting their applications in navigation, and providing guidance for future research in context-aware systems.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Early Diagnosis and Severity Assessment of Weligama Coconut Leaf Wilt Disease and Coconut Caterpillar Infestation Using Deep Learning-Based Image Processing Techniques
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025-02-03) Vidhanaarachchi, S; Wijekoon, J. l; Abeysiriwardhana, W. A. S.P; Wijesundara, M
    Global Coconut (Cocos nucifera (L.)) cultivation faces significant challenges, including yield loss, due to pest and disease outbreaks. In particular, Weligama Coconut Leaf Wilt Disease (WCWLD) and Coconut Caterpillar Infestation (CCI) damage coconut trees, causing severe coconut production loss in Sri Lanka and nearby coconut-producing countries. Currently, both WCWLD and CCI are detected through on-field human observations, a process that is not only time-consuming but also limits the early detection of infections. This paper presents a study conducted in Sri Lanka, demonstrating the effectiveness of employing transfer learning-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Mask Region-based-CNN (Mask R-CNN) to identify WCWLD and CCI at their early stages and to assess disease progression. Further, this paper presents the use of the You Only Look Once (YOLO) object detection model to count the number of caterpillars distributed on leaves with CCI. The introduced methods were tested and validated using datasets collected from Matara, Puttalam, and Makandura, Sri Lanka. The results show that the proposed methods identify WCWLD and CCI with an accuracy of 90% and 95%, respectively. In addition, the proposed WCWLD disease severity identification method classifies the severity with an accuracy of 97%. Furthermore, the accuracies of the object detection models for calculating the number of caterpillars in the leaflets were: YOLOv5-96.87%, YOLOv8-96.1%, and YOLO11-95.9%.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    A Deep Learning-Based Dual-Model Framework for Real-Time Malware and Network Anomaly Detection with MITRE ATT&CK Integration
    (Science and Information Organization, 2025) Migara H.M.S; Sandakelum M.D.B; Maduranga D.B.W.N; Kumara D.D.K.C; Fernando, H; Abeywardena, K
    The contemporary world of high connectivity in the digital realm has presented cybersecurity with more advanced threats, such as advanced malware and network attacks, which in most cases will not be detected using traditional detection tools. Static cybersecurity tools, which are traditional, often fail to deal with dynamic and hitherto unseen attacks, including signature-based antivirus systems and rule-based intrusion detection. To ad-dress this issue, we would suggest a two-part, AI-powered solution to cybersecurity which would allow real-time threat detection on an endpoint and a network level. The first element uses a Feedfor-ward Neural Network (FNN) to categorize Windows Portable Ex-ecutable (PE) files, whether they are benign or malicious, by using structured static features. The second component improves net-work anomaly detection with a deep learning model that is aug-mented by Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) and effec-tively addresses the data imbalance issue and sensitivity to rare cyber-attacks. To enhance its performance further, the system is integrated with the MITRE ATT&CK adversarial tactics and techniques, which correlate real-time detection results with adver-sarial tactics and techniques, thus offering actionable context to incident response teams. Tests based on open-source datasets pro-vided accuracies of 98.0 per cent of malware detection and 96.2 per cent of network anomaly detection. Data augmentation using GAN was very effective in improving the detection of less popular attacks, including SQL injections and internal reconnaissance. Moreover, the system is horizontally scalable and responsive in real-time due to Docker-based deployment. The suggested frame-work is an effective, explainable and scalable cybersecurity de-fense system, which is perfectly applicable to Managed Security Service Providers (MSSPs) and Security Operations Centers (SOCs), greatly increasing the precision rate and contextual in-sight of threat detection. © (2025), (Science and Information Organization)
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Neural Network based automated hot water mixture
    (SLIIT, Faculty of Engineering, 2023-03-02) Firsan, F.N.M; Herath, G.M; Thilakanayake, T.D
    In the present day and age, most residential spaces comprise a shower system and generally a conventional system of hot water showers. Throughout history, showering has developed as an essential need in a person’s life. Nevertheless, a typical hot water shower system comprises delays in hot water mixing and usually requires an average of 2 to 4 minutes to mix the cold and hot water to deliver the appropriate shower temperature. The delay in mixing provides less comfort and poor satisfaction affecting people’s lifestyles. Due to these disadvantages, a system incorporating artificial Intelligence can be utilized to enhance the performance of mixing which can offer an automated hot water mixture system with improved efficiency and effectiveness. Recently, significant research has been focused on utilizing deep learning technology due to its multiple breakthroughs in fabricating a broad range of automated novel applications since Neural Networks comprise the capacity to learn from data to offer efficient and accurate systems. In this research project, the hot water mixture is employed by an Artificial Neural Network model integrated with the combination of an embedded system of the proposed system of hot water mixture. Furthermore, the proposed system comprises temperature and flow sensors along with controllable flow valves. The tested system indicated acceptable accuracy between the actual and desired output flow rate and temperature.
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    VAPECA - Smart Agricultural and Analysis Monitoring System
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2022-10-15) Jithmal Pitigala, P. K. D. U; Laksahan, T. M. K; Hewapathirana, S. S; Sadeepika Herath, H. M. H; Chandrasiri, S; Nadeesa Pemadasa, M. G
    Agriculture dramatically contributes to the economy by creating a monetary future for developing nations. However, in Sri Lanka, the farmers have confined resources and encounter numerous challenges to enrich their crop productivity and prevail in the competitive business world. In the directive, the farmers' knowledge about export crops and weak decision- making needs to be exposed [1]. This study has built a mobile application with budget planning, determining plant conditions, weather forecasting, analyzing harvest quality, and a price prediction system to mitigate these hardships. This application would be utilized to manage three critical plants in Sri Lanka t for extraction and export. Those are Vanilla, Pepper, and Cardamom. The key technologies used for the system are deep learning and machine learning. The overall system obtained desirable outcomes with an accuracy rate higherthan 94%-97%. The ultimate intent of this study is to achieve the optimal growth of the agriculture sector by navigating the farmers to get maximum crop yield, quality, and effective decision-making through reliable market trends and to enhance the farmers' profit
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    BlossomSnap: A Single Platform for all Anthurium Planters Based on The Sri Lankan Market
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2022-10-15) Rathnayake, R.M.S.T; Tharika Pramodi, M.L.A.D.; Gayathree, I. R; Rashmika, L.K.R; Gamage, M; Gamage, A
    The popular and extensively grown flowering plant known as the Anthurium is prized for its beauty. In Sri Lanka, anthuriums have a substantial international market. Although it is a significant field that can be further developed by expanding the market, but it has led to a lack of attention, resources, and a moderate cost of production, as well as from the absence of an appropriate market channel, all of which have led to lower productivity and quality. As a result, Anthurium growers have numerous challenges both in terms of production and marketing. This paper introduces a novel mobile application 'BlossomSnap' which involves automating and significantly enhancing the outdated manual process. Using natural language processing, machine learning, and deep learning approaches, the proposed system analyzes the diseases, pests, varieties, and the highest quality plants to create a more secure growing environment. It will provide high-quality, cost effective, and timely services. The first step of anthurium plant disease and pest diagnosis is carried out using image processing, deep learning, and machine learning technologies. In order to identify the infection stage, the following steps involve extracting, classifying, and detecting images of Anthurium flowers and leaves. The accuracy was checked by comparing actual results taken from experts with the predicted results obtained from the proposed system. 'BlossomSnap' achieves an average accuracy of more than 80% and produces a better overall result. An in-place chatbot technology is intended to assist new planters with their problems. The Anthurium plant variety and quality detection methodology is used in concert with to determine the optimum market opportunity.
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    Recognition and translation of Ancient Brahmi Letters using deep learning and NLP
    (IEEE, 2019-12) Wijerathna, K. A. S. A. N; Sepalitha, R; Thuiyadura, I; Athauda, H; Suranjini, P. D; Silva, J. A. D. C; Jayakodi, A
    Inscriptions are major resources for studying the ancient history and culture of civilization in any country. Analyzing, recognizing and translating the ancient letters (Brahmi letters) from the inscription is a very difficult work for present generation. There is no any automatic system for translating Brahmi letters to Sinhala language. However, they are using manual method for translating inscriptions. The method that used in epigraphy is being taken a long period to decipher, analyze and translate the inscribed text in inscriptions. This research mainly focuses on recognition of ancient Brahmi characters written the time period between 3 rd B.C and 1 st A. D. First, we remove the noise, segment the letters from the inscription image and convert it into the binary image using image processing techniques. Secondly, we recognize the correct Brahmi letters, broken letters and then identify the time period of the inscriptions using Convolution Neural Networks in deep learning. Finally, the Brahmi letters are translated into modern Sinhala letters and provide the meaning of the inscription using Natural Language Processing. This proposed system builds up solution to overcome the existing problems in epigraphy.
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    An Automated Tool for Memory Forensics
    (2019 1st International Conference on Advancements in Computing (ICAC), SLIIT, 2019-12-05) Murthaja, M.; Sahayanathan, B.; Munasinghe, A.N.T.S.; Uthayakumar, D.; Rupasinghe, L.; Senarathne, A.
    In the present, memory forensics has captured the world’s attention. Currently, the volatility framework is used to extract artifacts from the memory dump, and the extracted artifacts are then used to investigate and to identify the malicious processes in the memory dump. The investigation process must be conducted manually, since the volatility framework provides only the artifacts that exist in the memory dump. In this paper, we investigate the four predominant domains of registry, DLL, API calls and network connections in memory forensics to implement the system ‘Malfore,’ which helps automate the entire process of memory forensics. We use the cuckoo sandbox to analyze malware samples and to obtain memory dumps and volatility frameworks to extract artifacts from the memory dump. The finalized dataset was evaluated using several machine learning algorithms, including RNN. The highest accuracy achieved was 98%, and it was reached using a recurrent neural network model, fitted to the data extracted from the DLL artifacts, and 92% accuracy was reached using a recurrent neural network model,fitted to data extracted from the network connection artifacts.
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    Mobile Based Solution to Weight Loss Planning for Children (with Obesity) in Sri Lanka
    (2021 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Computing (ICAC), SLIIT, 2021-12-09) Rajapakse, R.M.M.P.K.; Mudalige, J.M.A.I.; Perera, L.A.D.Y.S.; Warakagoda, R.N.A.M.S.C.B.; Siriwardana, S.
    Obesity is a condition where there is excess fat in the body, and it is one of the world's most extreme and dangerous dietary diseases. Genetic factors, lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating patterns, or a combination of these factors are the most common causes of obesity. This is important because it influences every part of a child's life. More, in particular, this disorder leads to poor health and negative social standing with perceptions. Nowadays, children are paying keen interest in technology and related devices. Therefore, in this research, we are planning to give a mobile-based solution with a smart band that is used to monitor the child. In this solution, we are mainly focusing on Sri Lankan children with obesity who are aged between 5-10. In our solution, there are four main sections which are, monitoring child activities, recognizing the activities, and getting relevant data, then based on those data and previous activity completion levels, this solution will suggest activities for losing weight, provide specific diet plans for each child considering the health conditions and predict the probability of having main obesity-