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    A Virtual Reality Immersive Experience of Sri Lanka's Sacred Heritage: VR Meditation Experience at the Ruwanweli Maha Seya using Heart Rate and HRV Tracking
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025-12-09) Herath, S; Hapangama, C; Gamage, U; Soyza, N; Gamage, I; Nismi, N
    Meditation is a widely recognized practice that reduces stress, improves focus, and promotes mental well-being. For various reasons, it has become difficult for religious devotees to travel to more intimate places of worship, such as their sacred sites, and to worship and meditate in harmonious environments. This system involves creating a Unity-based VR application that simulates several sacred places in Anuradhapura city, including four of the eight sacred places among the “Atamasthana"” and a short five-minute meditation session. A user evaluation was conducted with 25 participants. The results showed a decrease of 5.4 BPM in average heart rate and a 10 increase in heart rate variability after the meditation session. In this research, the sacred city of Anuradhapura has been used as a sample, but any religious sacred place can be used for this purpose. Through this harmonious environment recreated through Virtual Reality (VR), users can experience mental relaxation regardless of physical location. This research is more important because it combines cultural and religious preservation with modern technological innovations. By incorporating physiological sensations into a VR meditation experience, it is possible to enhance user engagement and monitor the results of the meditation. It can be understood that the physiological effects of this VR-based meditation are a good basis to advance both the study of digital wellness and cultural scarcity.
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    Smart Heritage: A Blockchain and NFT Framework for Secure Authentication and Fractional Investment in Sri Lankan Handicrafts
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2026-07-06) Manohara K.K.K; Dharmasena E.A.H.T.; Rajapaksha D.N; Bandara H.D; Chamara, D; Abeywardena, K.Y; Nismi, N
    The Sri Lankan handicraft sector possesses significant cultural and economic value; however, counterfeit production, limited ownership traceability, and the absence of resale royalty mechanisms restrict its global scalability. Traditional systems fail to provide reliable provenance verification and sustainable financial benefits for artisans and previous owners. This paper proposes a blockchain-enabled ecosystem integrating Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), NFC-based authentication, fractional ownership, and a smart security box to enhance authenticity, transparency, and value creation. Each handicraft is linked to a unique NFT and a cryptographically secured NFC tag, creating a tamper-resistant connection between the physical artifact and its digital identity. Smart contracts enable transparent ownership tracking and automated lifetime royalty distribution, ensuring artisans receive royalties from every future resale without intermediaries. The proposed framework also introduces a fractional ownership model for culturally significant, non-commercial heritage artifacts, enabling collective digital ownership with tiered access to exclusive cultural content while distributing cascading royalties to previous shareholders upon resale. A smart security box with NFC further protects high-value physical artifacts. Prototype evaluation on an Ethereum-compatible test network achieved a 100% success rate across 24 smart contract unit tests, 100% NFC authentication accuracy for 12 handicraft items with average response times of 380-450 ms, and consistent royalty and Proof-of-Residency distribution across nine simulated resale transactions. The key contributions of this work are: (1) a cryptographic NFC-NFT binding mechanism resistant to tag cloning, (2) a smart contract-based lifetime royalty engine with previous-owner redistribution, and (3) a fractional community ownership model that supports global participation in preserving non-commercial cultural heritage. The proposed architecture demonstrates the potential of blockchain technology to preserve cultural heritage while creating a sustainable economic ecosystem for artisans and investors.