CocoSense: AI-Powered Drone-Based System for Comprehensive Coconut Tree Health Monitoring and Yield Prediction

Abstract

Coconut cultivation is vital to Sri Lanka's agricultural economy, yet farmers face significant challenges in early pest detection, disease diagnosis, and yield prediction. This research presents CocoSense, an AI-powered mobile application integrated with IoT technology for automated coconut tree health monitoring using drone-captured imagery. The system comprises four modules: (1) pest detection using EfficientNetB0 (91.44% accuracy) and MobileNetV2 (96.08% accuracy) with a trilingual AI chatbot for treatment recommendations; (2) disease detection for leaf rot, leaf spot, and leaf dieback classification (98.69% accuracy); (3) health assessment for leaf (93.70%) and branch health (99.63%); and (4) coconut yield estimation (87.86% accuracy) using YOLOv8 with dual-view acquisition strategy. Additionally, a coconut bunch detection (88.96% accuracy) module is developed to support yield estimation by identifying fruit clusters within tree canopies. The system integrates IoT-based GPS tracking with Google Maps API for real-time plantation visualization. Experimental results demonstrate that CocoSense provides a robust, accessible solution for intelligent coconut plantation management in Sri Lanka.