SLIIT International Conference on Advancements in Sciences and Humanities [SICASH] 2022
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Publication Embargo A Study on Mindfulness among the Prospective Teachers(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022-09-15) Bhuvaneswari, M.S.; Jayanthy, A.CMindfulness is an emotional well-being, relative freedom from anxiety and disabling symptoms, and a capacity to establish constructive relations and cope with ordinary demands and stress of life. Mental hygiene is to save man from complexes and inner conflicts and to prepare him for such a living in which his natural diseases and social beliefs are properly adjusted and he may develop the capacity of facing complex situations as well. Mental sickness and for their convenience, the science of Mindfulness and facilities for psychology and treatment have been developed. There is no significant difference between Prospective teachers Male and Female in their Mindfulness, with reference to the dimensions of Realistic perception, Autonomy, and Environmental mastery.Publication Embargo Common Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnancies Diagnosed with Endometriosis(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022-09-15) Epaarachchi, E. A. K.; De Silva, B. S. S.Endometriosis is a progressive stirring disease marked by the appearance of endometrial glands and stroma exterior of the uterus. It affects 8%–10% of reproductive-age women, and is linked to develop primary or secondary infertility in 30% of these women.The main objective of this systematic review was to critically analyse the current related literature to explore the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancies diagnosed with endometriosis. Pregnant women with endometriosis are more likely to develop negative pregnancy outcomes and complicated neonatal outcomes, and therefore they may benefit from extra screening and early detection. Related literature within 5years (2016 - 2021) was searched from databases like CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PUBMED, Additionally, a few numbers of studies prior to 2016 were taken due to the availability of related information.A total number of 23 articles related to the search criteria was found and out of that, eight articles were selected due to their extreme relevancy. After critically analysing the eight studies authors explored that pregnant women diagnosed with endometriosis are at elevated risk to develop Placenta previa, hypertensive disorders, postpartum hemorrhage, emergency caesareans and preeclampsia as common maternal outcomes and premature birth, Low birth weight and still birth as common neonatal outcomes. In conclusion, women with endometriosis are at elevated risk of developing adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in their pregnancies.Publication Embargo UK Constitution: Should it be Codified(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022-09-15) Mahingoda, C.BA Constitution is a vital part of a State, as it encompasses the fundamental principles and rules upon which a state exists. Considering the Constitution of the United Kingdom (UK) and the Constitution of Sri Lanka, there is an apparent difference: Sri Lanka operates upon the powers derived from a Codified Constitution, whereas the UK does not have a Codified Constitution but rather an array of legislation, judge-made laws and regulations. The system of laws and regulations within the UK has been encompassed in an Uncodified Constitution. Several academics and organizations have advocated for the codification of the British Constitution based on a balance of the power of the executive, stability, and clarity hoping to provide a clearer and more straightforward arrangement of the fundamental rules and principles according to which the state is established and governed. However, other scholars have contested it on the basis that it would make the Constitution conservative and anti-rationalist, and that it would be a rather disruptive process. The EU referendum in 2016, the EU withdrawal and other reforms have further added to this debate. Within this article, we closely observe and dissect the ongoing debate on the codification of the UK Constitution.Publication Embargo Forging Ahead with Attitudinal Changes towards an Efficient Practice of Commercial Arbitration in Sri Lanka(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022-09-15) Dilhara, K.G.TThis study examines the question, of whether the pervading disappointment surrounding the practice of commercial arbitration in Sri Lanka, is due to the assimilation of court practices into commercial arbitration by the legal practitioners. Arbitration as an Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) method to judicial processes was introduced with the enactment of Arbitration Act No.11 of 1995 and hailed as an effective ADR for the resolution of commercial disputes. Participants were ten senior legal practitioners involved in both court practice as well as commercial arbitration for more than ten years in Sri Lanka. The study used a phenomenological research design to explore the perspectives of ten participants. It was hypothesised that the legal practitioners involved in both court and commercial arbitration practice would have a deeper understanding of the disappointments surrounding commercial arbitration practice and why commercial arbitration has not yielded the anticipated result of efficiency in dispute resolution over court practice. The results indicated that the same practitioners in court and arbitration, bring the same attitudes and skill set practised in courts into commercial arbitration. Thus, the emerging theme is to create an attitudinal shift in the participants of commercial arbitration for the speedy resolution of disputes in comparison to formal court practice.Publication Embargo Correlates of Severe Pain: Descriptive Study among Patients with Cancer in Sri Lanka(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022-09-15) Edirisinghe, N. P; Makuloluwa, P. T. R; Amarasekara, A. A. T. D; Goonewardena, C. S. EThe most prevalent and unpleasant symptom that cancer patients encounter is pain. Pain is a highly subjective feeling resulting from the intricate interaction of bio-psycho-social aspects of the individual. The study aims to describe the correlates of severe pain in cancer patients in Sri Lanka. Methods: The descriptive study involved 384 cancer patients from Apeksha Hospital, Maharagama. Patients over 18 years who experienced cancer pain for three months or more, related to the primary lesion, secondary lesions, radiation, or chemotherapy were eligible. Patients whose pain is due to a non-cancerous source, triggered under three months of the assessment, and those who are too frail or disoriented with evidence of brain metastases are either unable or unwilling to give informed consent were excluded. The patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were recruited using the consecutive sampling method. The correlates of severe pain were determined using logistic regression A validated Sinhala version of the Short Form Brief Pain Inventory and a pre-tested socio-demographic questionnaire was used to collect data. The correlates of severe pain were determined using logistic regression. Statistically significant correlation was shown between severe pain and ‘male gender’, (AOR=1.723; p=0.035); ‘being in marriage’ (AOR =1.947; p=0.026); ‘patients with no perceived family commitments’ (AOR=1.8; p=0.013) and pain of three months or more duration (AOR = 1.76; p=0.021). In conclusion it is discovered that the severe pain is positively correlated with males, ‘being in a marriage,’ ‘no perceived family commitments, and in pain for over a three months duration.Publication Embargo Current Status and Challenges in Using Plant-Food Waste in the Cosmetic Industry – A Case Study in the Sri Lankan Context(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022-09-15) Thilakarathne, M.A.P.K.; Wijerathne, W.D.C.C.The majority of contemporary research has focused on the cosmetic application in fresh plant materials but there is a lack of critical analyses on the potential of plant waste material for the cosmetic industry. In this regard, this study was conducted with aid the literature from the 2000-2022 period. Accordingly, we can conclude that the nonedible plant materials such as seeds and peels and food wastes contain a significant number of phytochemicals which are the key ingredient of natural cosmetic products, and low-cost as well as non-toxic ingredients for cosmetic products. But using food waste can be challenging since plants are biodegradable, before using for cosmetics it should be tested for any microorganism activity which can affect the skin as well. Then availability and collection of waste such as soaked water, seeds, and peels will be difficult since first of all it has to be consumed in the food used in the cosmetic industry. However, the analysis result of the phytochemical content of plant waste has shown a significant value in the cosmetic industry due to their anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, anti-tyrosinase, and elastase activity for the skin.Publication Embargo Convergence of Gradient Methods with Deterministic and Bounded Noise(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022-09-15) Abeynanda, H; Jayantha Lanel, G. H.In this paper, we analyse the effects of noise on the gradient methods for solving a convex unconstraint optimization problem. Assuming that the objective function is with Lipschitz continuous gradients, we analyse the convergence properties of the gradient method when the noise is deterministic and bounded. Our theoretical results show that the gradient algorithm converges to the related optimality within some tolerance, where the tolerance depends on the underlying noise, step size, and the gradient Lipschitz continuity constant of the underlying objective function. Moreover, we consider an application of distributed optimization, where the objective function is a sum of two strongly convex functions. Then the related convergences are discussed based on dual decomposition together with gradient methods, where the associated noise is considered as a consequence of quantization errors. Finally, the theoretical results are verified using numerical experiments.Publication Embargo Case Study on the Patient with Ovarian Cancer: Palliative Nursing Management(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022-09-15) Alahakoon, N; Meegoda, LThis case study is on a 59 year old female patient who was admitted to the medical ward due to severe abdominal pain. Four years ago, she was diagnosed with Carcinoma in the Ovary. She underwent – Total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), bilateral Salpingooophorectomy (BSO) and Omentectomy. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments followed the surgery. She had been diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus & Hypertension too. This patient mainly showed significant pain, abdominal distension, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Apart from the other physical symptoms, she showed psychological and spiritual problems too. During the assessment her eyes were full of tears. She was highly worried about her health condition & worried about her elder son who is unable come the see her because he lives abroad. The sensitive aspect of this patient was her psychological status. More attention must be paid to alleviate anxiety and depression. The holistic approach is very important in caring for a patient on palliative care. There was a problem found with her caregiver at home. Because she lives with her husband and her younger son is at home. A Caregiver plays a major role in caring for this palliative patient. Therefore, it is essential to assess the caregiver condition for preventing caregiver burden. In providing nursing care for this patient to relieve pain and other physical problems they used pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. Though her pain & other physical problems were relieved by the day her psychological status was deteriorating. This may have caused depression and anxiety. It is suggested to take care of the patient's mental health and to implement appropriate psychological strategies, nursing interventions, and precautionary measures to minimize the level of psychological distress and to increase patient’s quality of life.Publication Embargo An Analytical Study of the Factors Influencing the English Speaking Proficiency of Prospective English Medium Teachers(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022-09-15) Amaratunga, UNational Colleges of Education (NCOEs) conduct Pre-service Teacher Education courses in English medium to cater to the demand of English medium teachers to implement bilingual / bi-medium education in government schools. Although English speaking proficiency is very important to English medium teachers, it has been revealed that the majority of the prospective teachers who follow the Information Communication Technology (ICT) course in NCOEs do not have the required level of English speaking proficiency. This paper discusses the nature of the English speaking deficiencies of prospective English medium teachers of ICT and the major factors that affect their English speaking proficiency. This analysis was done as part of an ongoing study conducted using the Mixed Methods approach. Quantitative and qualitative data was gathered through questionnaires, interviews and documentary analysis from a sample of prospective teachers of ICT, English medium lecturers who teach in the ICT course in three NCOES, Directors of Education at the Ministry of Education and Senior Lecturers at the National Institute of Education. Findings revealed that the prospective English medium teachers’ English speaking proficiency is lower than that of the other language skills due to several psychological, linguistic and socio-cultural factors. Therefore, effective strategies should be introduced to improve the Teacher Education Programme of the NCOEs to enhance the development of English speaking proficiency of prospective English medium teachers.Publication Embargo Right to Information vs. Right to Protect Personal Data: A Guidance from the Decisions of the USA & the European Court of Justice.(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022-09-15) Rajapakse, R.L.W.Right to Information (RTI) and right to privacy (RTP) are two basic rights of people in a democratic country. Since personal data consists of a main element of privacy, the right not to disclose one's personal data to a third party is an essential part of the RTP. The citizens of Sri Lanka have had the right of obtaining information that is in the custody of public authorities since 2017 under the RTI Act. When deciding whether requested information will be disclosed or not, the public authority will have to consider the exceptions stipulated in the said Act, including the exception of privacy. However, with the enactment of the Personal Data Protection (PDP) Act in 2022 in Sri Lanka, it is crucial to consider the impact of the said Act on the RTI Act. Under the above context, this research explored the overlapping provisions of these two legislations and the decisions of the USA & the European Court of Justice in similar matters. This research study utilized the qualitative methodology where the researcher studied, analyzed, and synthesized a variety of materials gathered through primary and secondary sources to formulate a conclusion and come up with the study results. Finally, the research revealed that the PDP Act has put the additional liability on the public authorities when considering information requests under the RTI Act. Further, the research has identified some guidance from the decided cases of the USA & the European Court of Justice regarding overlapping provisions.Publication Embargo Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Behavioural and Emotional adjustment and the Influence of Family Factors on Adjustment(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022-09-15) Fernando, M.J.TChildren with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have unique characteristics, which are expected to have an impact on members of the family. However, research concerning the effects of ASD on family members has focused predominantly on ASD’s impact on parents and less on its impact on siblings, especially in the context of Sri Lanka. This research attempts to address this gap and advance the understanding of the Behavioral and Emotional (B&E) adjustment of siblings of children with ASD. The study utilized a quantitative research design using a sample of 80 mothers of children with ASD, selected using convenient sampling from hospitals and institutions located in the Colombo and Gampaha districts. Mothers completed a Demographic Questionnaire, Socio-Economic Status Questionnaire, Parental Stress Scale, and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. The study found that B&E adjustment of the majority of the siblings was within the ‘Normal’ range (54%), which shows that siblings were well adjusted behaviorally and emotionally. However, closer to half of the siblings (46%) either had a risk (i.e., scored within the ‘Borderline’ range) or were experiencing adjustment difficulties (i.e., scored within the ‘Abnormal’ range). When siblings were analyzed according to the domains of the SDQ, the majority scored within the ‘Borderline’ range for peer problems, which indicates that siblings are at risk for peer problems. Additionally, the study found that out of all the selected family factors, Maternal Stress due to rearing a child with ASD and ASD severity was positively associated with sibling B&E adjustment difficulties.Publication Embargo Factors Affecting Corona Deaths in Sri Lanka: Time Series Modeling Approach(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022-09-15) Wathsala, W.A.D.R; Peiris, T. S. G.Whole world has been affected by COVID-19 Pandemic which kills people on a large scale. Identifying, controlling and taking preventive actions for the factors that cause such deaths is crucial. This work intends to investigate the factors affecting COVID-19 deaths reported in Sri Lanka, during the period of 2020 to 2021 by using Vector Auto Regressive model. The empirical results of the model indicated the factors that significantly affected COVID-19 deaths short term as well as long term. Short term, factors such as increase in reported new cases in the previous day, positive number of test results, additional hours per day spent at residence compared to the median value of duration stayed at residence from 3rd January to 6th February 2020(difference between the actual hours and median hours spent at residence has been considered), number of new visitors to outdoor places and a decrease in previous day’s deaths. In a long term forecast, variables such as reproduction rate, new vaccination doses, stringency index, additional time spent at residence, new users of public transport, new users of retail and recreation and new visitors to outdoor spaces significantly influence on the mortality. The Granger Causality test confirmed the past values of new cases and positive number of tests have a predictive ability in determining the present values of deaths. On the other hand, the Variance Decomposition method indicated that the variation in deaths in short term is due to deaths itself.Publication Embargo Online vs Face to Face: Perspective of Undergraduates on Learning English Literature at a Private University(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022-09-15) Rajapakse, R.W.D.N.K.Since 2020, with the spread of the pandemic, the face-to-face teaching mode transformed into online mode with no other alternative. With regard to the tertiary level, all courses which were offered physically had to be adopted to the novel approach making both teaching and learning challenging. The present study examines learners’ viewpoint and what they have experienced so far in learning literature online during the pandemic. Consequently, the study provides an insight into the prevalent teaching mode and explores effective strategies followed using the appropriate pedagogical online tools or platforms, when adopting the literary content for diverse learning styles, and student engagement synchronously and asynchronously. The study involves undergraduates at a private university following their Bachelor of Education in English. These students enrolled to a physical learning mode though the pandemic has made them into learning online. Thus, the study compares their views on learning physically and online. Due to the closure of the university, both qualitative and quantitative data are gathered via an online questionnaire with the due consent of the participants. The findings indicate learning literature online is more effective compared to the traditional face to face learning mode. The results indicate that online learning enhances leaners’ study skills, stimulates, and facilitates their interest in learning, which transforms learning into a collaborative experience.Publication Embargo Reference Ranges and Control Limits that are Resistant to Baseline Outliers(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022-09-15) Amaratunga, DReference ranges and control limits are used in many settings – for example, to assess a person’s health or to monitor the stability of a manufacturing process. Such ranges are established based on a baseline sample of what is considered normal data, but it is not possible to always avoid a few outliers being present even in this sample. If, as is common, the range is calculated using statistics, such as the mean and standard deviation, which could be influenced by outliers, then the use of such a range could adversely affect the decisions made. This can be avoided by constructing the reference range using statistics that are resistant to outliers. In this paper, we demonstrate the superior performance of such an approach.Publication Embargo English Speech Production of Native Sinhala Speakers with Special Reference to Interlanguage Analysis(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022-09-15) Wijayabandara, H.M.TNative Sinhala speakers attempt to speak in English even prior to formal education regardless of the errors they make in speech production. This study is focused on interlanguage, the linguistic system behind the learner language of these native speakers, influenced by the first language and the target language. This research was conducted to analyze the impact of the Sinhala language on the English speech production of native speakers. A qualitative research approach was taken to initiate this research with 30 native Sinhala speakers, who informally learnt to speak English. They were asked to interpret a few simple English sentences to Sinhala. Each translated utterance was simultaneously recorded and analyzed to observe the produced patterns of the inter-language. Results indicate that the inter-language production of the speakers was visible in the structure of language and specific grammar rules about spoken English. Syntactic pattern, word order, misidentifying nouns and adjectives, omission of the ‘be verbs’, the misconception of verb tenses, and chaotic pronoun placement are included in the native language influence. The findings of this inter-language analysis concluded that the native language is a dominant factor in second language speech production. Competence in the first language is the main reason for this dominance since the speaker tries to perceive a second language most comfortably. Further, the importance of introducing Psycholinguistics in Sri Lanka is emphasized.Publication Embargo The Evaluation of ENhancing Assessment of Common Therapeutic factors – Sri Lanka (ENACT-SL) to Assess Common Factors in Counselling in Determining Therapist Competence in Sri Lanka(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022-09-15) Abeysinghe, N; Kohrt, B; Galappatti, ACounselling and psychotherapy play an essential part in mental health care. The modern field of mental health care includes many counselling modalities. Each modality consists of specific knowledge and skills. This diversity makes objective evaluation of a therapist's competence across counselling modalities challenging. The "common factors" theory claims that along with each modality's specific strengths and techniques, common factors in counselling are essential for successful counsellor–client relationships. In high-income countries, the mental health care field has developed many tools to evaluate counselling skills based on the common factors relevant to specific socio-cultural settings. Hence, the usefulness of these tools is limited to the socio-cultural backgrounds where the tools were developed. The current study evaluated the ENhancing Assessment of Common Therapeutic factors – Sri Lanka (ENACT-SL) rating scale with the participation of 68 novice and experienced counsellors who used two versions of the scale to evaluate 10- minute pre-recorded counselling sessions. The scale's reliability was assessed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). The ICC for interrater reliability was above 0.75, denoting ‘good’ inter-rater reliability, while the ICC for intrarater repeatability was poor for both groups. The research findings contributed in developing a new version of ENACT-SL based on 'five domains' of counselling skills to be used in counsellor training and assessment in Sri Lanka.Publication Embargo Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Primary Caregivers of Children with Invisible Disabilities in Sri Lanka(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022-09-15) Mohamed, W; De Silva, RChildren with invisible disabilities such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, speech impairments, and learning difficulties require special support and a diligent caregiving environment to thrive. Primary caregivers have to take on additional roles to provide extra support for children with invisible disabilities while accommodating their professional and personal lives through the process. This research analyzed depression, anxiety, and stress between primary caregivers of children with invisible disabilities and primary caregivers of typically-developing children in Sri Lanka. Data was gathered through an online survey. The sample consisted of 75 primary caregivers between the ages of 23 years to 56 years, which included 38 primary caregivers of children with invisible disabilities and 37 primary caregivers of typicallydeveloping children. The DASS-21 (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995) was administered to measure depression, anxiety, and stress. The Independent sample t-test was used to compare the mean difference between the two groups of caregivers. The findings did not reveal a significant difference in the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress between primary caregivers of children with invisible disabilities and primary caregivers of typicallydeveloping children. However, regression analysis revealed that parental age had a significant impact on the levels of anxiety among caregivers of children with invisible disabilities. This implies that experience gained with age may reduce anxiety in primary caregivers of children with invisible disabilitiesPublication Embargo Promoting Sri Lanka as a Seat of International Arbitration: Lessons to be Learnt from International Jurisdictions(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022-09-15) Perera, M.D.C.CAlternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) refers to a range of mechanisms available for the resolution of disputes such as Negotiation, Mediation, Conciliation and Arbitration, which are settlement-oriented processes, adopted in place of Litigation through Courts that are adversarial in character. Among the said alternative processes, Arbitration is popularly preferred across the globe for the resolution of commercial disputes for the numerous benefits it has to offer. This ease of facilitating international commercial contracts and dispute resolution pertaining thereto, offered by the arbitral process has made it a decisive factor for a country to sustain good international trade and commercial relations. Accordingly, Sri Lanka brought about several mechanisms over the years, procedurally and otherwise, to promote Sri Lanka as an attractive seat of arbitration. Nevertheless, despite the statutory framework, infrastructure, facilities and Arbitration-friendly atmosphere sought to be instituted, the findings from this study identified that Sri Lanka has not performed to its expectations of functioning as a hub of arbitration in South Asia. This study identifies certain loopholes through lessons learnt from other popular arbitration seats. It is recommended to improve and revamp the statutory framework providing for arbitration in Sri Lanka to overcome several 158 anomalies discussed therein, in addition to meeting the gaps in terms of infrastructure and other facilities, to relieve the prospects of effective arbitration promoting cross-border investments in this era of advanced technology and globalization.Publication Embargo Modeling the ICT Teachers’ Perspective on Teaching of Computer Programming at Secondary School Level(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022-09-15) Perera, K.G.S.K.Computer programming is viewed and experienced as a subject cognitively challenging to students as well as teachers. The aim of this study was to determine the ICT teachers’ perspective on teaching computer programming in order to comprehend how ICT teachers perceive teaching computer programing and the factors that influence their work. Forty-seven ICT teachers participated in this qualitative study. The research method used was an analytical framework known as Interactive Qualitative Analysis to model the ICT teachers’ perspective. The perspective was modelled in terms of factors (affinities) as programming curriculum, ICT resources, time, programming language, evaluation, students’ performance, teachers’ programming knowledge, teachers’ pedagogical programming knowledge, student and professional development programs. Further, the interaction among these affinities was also modelled.Publication Embargo Protection Status of Geographical Indications (GIs) in Agricultural Sector of Sri Lanka Compared to Other Developing Countries : Special Emphasis on India and Vietnam(Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022-09-15) Wijesuriya, U.KAs a country of agricultural origin in the developing world, Sri Lanka has not adequately focused on the protection of Geographical Indications (GIs) to gain substantial economic returns. Presently, “Ceylon Tea” and “Ceylon Cinnamon” are protected under the Sri Lankan GI regime. India and Vietnam, although in the developing world, have gained considerable success in GI protection and therefore many lessons can be learned from them. The doctrinal and comparative research methodologies were adopted in this study using primary and secondary sources, to compare the GI systems with India and Vietnam. Recently, Sri Lanka has introduced a registration procedure under the sui generis system by an amendment to the Intellectual property (IP) Act. Yet, the efficiency can only be seen in the future, as this mechanism was only enforced from the 16th of March 2022. The same registration procedure is followed by India for a considerable period, and they have been successful in achieving agricultural development through proper enforcement. As per the Vietnamese system, it is necessary to increase the level of awareness in promoting GIs by training national experts, funding technical assistance and providing funds for implementation. They highlight adequate government interventions are necessary for the protection mechanism to be effective which Sri Lanka should look into in greater detail. The main reasons for the slow progress in obtaining protection for potential products are inadequate Government interventions and the recently introduced registration system being too new to assess the progress, as it takes time for the results to be seen.