3rd International Conference on Sustainable and Digital Business [ICSDB] 2024
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Publication Open Access Adoption success of using Generative AI apps for the ECommerce Platforms in Sri Lanka(ICSDB 2024 and SLIIT Business School, 2024-12-10) Dilshan, A.; Wijayanayake, J.; Asanka, D.; Karunarathna, C.The digital landscape has witnessed the widespread influence of e-commerce, with the Information Technology industry embracing generative AI applications. This research aims to investigate the adoption success of existing e-commerce platforms in Sri Lanka in incorporating generative AI technologies. A systematic literature review using the PRISMA framework identified how generative AI is used in various industries, its Future Directions, Ethical Concerns, Security, and Privacy Considerations, and the most widely used and accepted models for understanding technology adoption. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) are the two most widely used in past research for the acceptance of technology. These two models and past literature were used to develop a conceptual framework. The variables in this research model were measured through questionnaires with five-point Likert scales and close-ended questions completed by the Software Engineering and Software development process-related employees in Sri Lanka. Data cleaning and demographic data analysis were conducted using IBM SPSS 21, and preliminary data analysis was performed using PLS-SEM (SmartPLS 4). The study found that generative AI apps are productive, effective, and capable of retaining users with a positive intention to use them in Ecommerce. High implementation costs negatively impact, and Low training and maintenance costs positively affect the intention of users to adopt generative AI apps. The factors such as innovativeness, perceived benefits, and level of attitudes, positively impact the overall adoption success. These findings are expected to guide Sri Lankan e-commerce platforms, aiding them in enhancing the successful adoption and seamless integration of generative AI apps. By aligning with the wisdom of TAM and its associated models, our research contributes to understanding the adoption success of Sri Lankan e-commerce platforms to embrace generative AI technologies.Publication Open Access Antecedents of Internal Stakeholder Satisfaction of Agile Projects: Evidence from the Sri Lankan Software Industry(ICSDB 2024 and SLIIT Business School, 2024-12-10) Kasturiarachchi, S.; Senevirathne, V.V.K.Internal stakeholder satisfaction is critical for project success. Adopting agile methodologies in software projects is perceived as a more adaptable approach than traditional project management methods, potentially leading to higher internal stakeholder satisfaction. However, numerous agile projects in the Sri Lankan software industry struggle with poor internal stakeholder satisfaction. Addressing this gap, the study has investigated the drivers of internal stakeholder satisfaction in agile projects within the Sri Lankan software industry. Accordingly, the five most appropriate practices – communication among internal stakeholders, frequent customer feedback, iterative development, collaboration, and flexibility to adopt customers’ late changes and a mediating factor – trust were identified, forming the basis for the conceptual framework. To evaluate it, the researchers analysed data from 137 internal stakeholders using multiple linear regression. The results showed that trustworthy communication, iterative development, and collaboration have a positive impact on internal stakeholder satisfaction, while mere communication among internal stakeholders, frequent customer feedback, and flexibility to adopt customers' late changes do not significantly impact internal stakeholder satisfaction in this context. The research provides valuable insights and practical recommendations to enhance internal stakeholder satisfaction in agile projects.Publication Open Access Bridging the Waves: A Study of Gender Dynamics and Career Experiences Among Women Seafarers(ICSDB 2024 and SLIIT Business School, 2024-12-10) Karunatilleke, A.W.; Herath, H.M.R.P.R.; Gunasekare, T.This research paper explores the perspectives of women seafarers regarding their experiences in the traditionally male-dominated maritime industry. Through qualitative interviews, this study aims to understand the unique challenges and opportunities women face at sea. Key themes identified include workplace discrimination, gender dynamics, work-life balance, and career progression. The findings highlight the significant barriers to entry and advancement that women encounter, such as limited mentorship opportunities and systemic biases. Despite these challenges, many women express job satisfaction due to the adventurous nature of seafaring and the sense of community. The study also underscores the importance of supportive networks and policies that promote gender equality on board ships. The insights gained from this research provide valuable implications for industry stakeholders to enhance the work environment for women seafarers, fostering greater diversity and inclusion. Recommendations for future research include longitudinal studies to track changes over time and the examination of specific interventions aimed at improving conditions for women in maritime rolesPublication Open Access Circular Economy, Digitalization and Inter-Organizational Collaboration: The Marvelous Trio(ICSDB 2024 and SLIIT Business School, 2024-12-10) Greco, MThe idea of supporting the transition toward a circular economy increasingly attracts managers for many good reasons, such as the institutional pressures from governments and society, the desire to imitate the industry leaders that increasingly disseminate their circular economy initiatives, the growing space sustainability and circular economy have in education and training programs, and the challenges associated with raw materials. This keynote speech will discuss how the quest to make a firm’s products and processes ‘more circular’ needs a team effort with other organizations and a fair dose of digitalization. The audience will be left with some thought-provoking questions about how inter-organizational collaboration, digitalization, and circular economy innovation intertwine.Publication Open Access A Critical Literature Review on Nexus of Bullying and the Whisperings of Turnover Intentions in Sri Lanka's Higher Educational Sphere(ICSDB 2024 and SLIIT Business School, 2024-12-10) Kevitiyagala, L.; Joshep, K.; Rajapaksha, S.; Illangamatilake, K.; Jayasinghe, P.; Rathnayake, N.Workplace bullying is defined as repeated mistreatments and harassment aimed towards an organisational member by other individuals or groups within a workplace context. It remains a critical concern across the globe in various industries negatively impacting the employees’ wellbeing and organisations’ reputation to date. This critical literature review delves into the definite context of academics in the higher education sector in Sri Lanka to explore the relationship between workplace bullying and turnover intentions. This critical literature review examines the theoretical framework, methodological strategies, and empirical data to shed light on the complex relationship between workplace bullying and turnover intentions among academics in the higher education sector of Sri Lanka. By directing attention to these dual aims, this study pursues to understand the underlying mechanisms that link workplace bullying to turnover intentions. This proposed study also explores the moderating role of leadership styles on the relationship between workplace bullying and turnover intentions. The thorough evaluation of methodological strategies captures the complexities of workplace bullying experiences and the implications in the existing research studies. This critical literature contributes to further enhancing the existing literature on workplace bullying and turnover intentions by providing insights into its prevalence and influence within academics in the higher education sector of Sri Lanka. Furthermore, highlights the importance of preventing workplace bullying and creating a supportive work environment in higher educationPublication Open Access Critical Success Factors of Electronic Government Procurement (E-GP) Implementation in Sri Lanka(ICSDB 2024 and SLIIT Business School, 2024-12-10) Dikmadugoda, L.Electronic Government procurement is one aspect of the E-Government concept. It offers to the value for money, cost-saving, better fiscal policy management, and substantial competition and a stronger marketplace. Many countries all over the world including developing countries such as Bhutan, Napal, and Bangladesh obtained advantage through the digitalization of government procurement. The main objectives of the study are measure to the level of eprocurement practises in the public sector in Sri Lanka and examine to the critical success factors in adopting e-procurement in Public Sector Institutions in Sri Lanka. The population of the study comprises of the national-level public sector entities such as Ministries, Departments, Statutory Boards and Public Companies and Registered vendors. A sample of procurement entities was selected on convenience sample method. This research based on quantitative studies and Quantitative data collected through a structured questionnaire to identify the determinants of successful e-procurement adoption and the level of e-procurement usage. The survey results of this study affirm the pivotal role of organizational, legal, and environmental factors in driving the successful implementation of electronic government procurement, consistent with the findings outlined in the literature review. Concurrently, the survey underscores the limited influence of technology and political factors on the e-government Procurement (e-GP) implementation in Sri Lanka. Despite these nuances, the overarching objective of the research remains unchanged: to offer a streamlined pathway for the swift and effective adoption of Electronic Government Procurement practices across all sectors of the government.Publication Open Access Delving into the Generational Spectrum: Internal communication of leaders with Gen Z in the Corporate Context(ICSDB 2024 and SLIIT Business School, 2024-12-10) Pathirana, G.; Kumarasena, N.; Rathnayake, C.; Maduranga, S.; Dayawansha, P.; Ehalapitiya, S.This study investigates the internal communication strategies employed by workplace leaders to bridge the communication gap with Generation Z within organizational settings. Using semi-structured interviews with 15 corporate leaders until data saturation was achieved, the research captures leaders' evolving perspectives on engaging with Gen Z employees. Findings reveal that while many leaders are transitioning from traditional communication methods toward approaches that resonate with Gen Z, certain areas of Gen Z’s communication expectations remain unmet. Addressing these gaps is critical as Gen Z increasingly shapes the workforce, necessitating an understanding of their distinct communication styles and values. This study uniquely contributes to the discourse on generational communication within organizations, highlighting the role of effective leader-Gen Z interaction in fostering a cohesive work environment.Publication Open Access Digital Distilleries: Navigating Industry 4.0 Trends in Sri Lanka’s Beverage Industry(ICSDB 2024 and SLIIT Business School, 2024-12-10) Thakshila, P.; Kushani, M.; Darshana, S.; Herath, B.; Pathirana, G.; Jayasinghe, P.; Ehalapitiya, S.Industry 4.0 is a rapidly evolving paradigm allowing industries to explore digital transformation opportunities to provide services and products to both existing and new markets at competitive prices. Developed nations have largely capitalized on Industry 4.0, creating fresh market opportunities by embedding advanced technologies in industrial processes. This research assesses the readiness for implementing Industry 4.0 in Sri Lanka’s beverage sector through primary data. Using focus group interviews with managerial-level employees in large-scale beverage firms, this study identifies technical, operational, and market/environmental factors as key influences in adopting Industry 4.0 in this sector. The findings contribute actionable insights into strategic pathways for digital transformation.Publication Open Access Emotional Cartwheels: Exploring the Online Shopping Psyche of Sri Lankan Consumers(ICSDB 2024 and SLIIT Business School, 2024-12-10) Rajapakse, V.; Dabare, U.This study investigates the emotional influences on online shopping behavior among Sri Lankan consumers, focusing on the roles of excitement and anxiety. Through a qualitative research approach, we explore how these emotions impact consumer decisions and overall satisfaction at different stages of the online shopping journey. The study sample comprised 30 participants, including both males and females, aged between 18 and 60 years, residing in various urban and suburban areas of Sri Lanka. The findings reveal that excitement, particularly during the browsing stage, often leads to impulsive purchasing behaviors, while anxiety, especially during the decisionmaking and purchase stages, acts as a significant barrier to completing transactions. Additionally, cultural influences, such as collectivist values and social harmony, play critical roles in shaping these emotional responses and shopping behaviors. This study provides practical insights for online retailers to enhance the shopping experience by addressing these emotional triggers and building stronger relationships with Sri Lankan consumers. By addressing the limitations and suggesting directions for future research, this paper contributes to the limited literature on online shopping emotions in the Sri Lankan context.Publication Open Access Enhancing Export Potential: The Synergistic Impact of Digitalisation and Export Market Orientation in Driving Export Success in Sri Lanka's Apparel Sector(ICSDB 2024 and SLIIT Business School, 2024-12-10) Abeyruwan, N.; Wijesekara, H.; Weerasuriya, H.; Amarasekera, A.; Rajapakse, V.; Wisenthige, K.The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of digitalisation on the performance of Sri Lankan apparel exporters, both directly and indirectly. The indirect effect of digitalisation on export performance is evaluated through the mediation of export market orientation (EMO). EMO is the export ventures’ effort to infuse marketing strategies into its export activities. Given that apparel export ventures have embraced digital capabilities, the evaluation was conducted using data collected from 87 apparel manufacturing exporters in Sri Lanka operating on medium and large scale. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire instrument. The analytical technique employed in this study was partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLSSEM), which supported identifying the direct and indirect impacts vividly. The discoveries suggest that rather than the direct effect of digitalisation on export performance, the indirect effect of digitalisation through EMO has a significant impact on export performance. Also, the study reveals that EMO as a mediator plays a role of full mediation between the independent and the dependent constructs of the study. Digitalisation through EMO plays a crucial role in improving the export performance of apparel manufacturing exporters because effective adoption of digitalisation enables market sensing and eases the generation of export market intelligence, dissemination of that intelligence and responsiveness. The study provides significant insights for medium and large-scale apparel exporters, policymakers, and industry leaders on the importance of EMO strategies for enhancing export performance and survival in the global market while also serving as a guide for micro and small-scale ventures adopting digital practices.Publication Open Access Exploring the Impact of Sustainable Financial Practices on Perceived Business Development and the Challenges Faced by Small Entrepreneurs in Implementing those Practices(ICSDB 2024 and SLIIT Business School, 2024-12-10) Kumari, T. S.; Abeysekara, R.This qualitative study explores the impact of sustainable financial practices on perceived business development and identifies the challenges faced by small entrepreneurs in implementing these practices within the Colombo District, Sri Lanka. An inductive approach and interpretivist paradigm were employed, utilizing in-depth interviews with 20 small-scale entrepreneurs across 10 industries selected through purposive judgmental sampling. Thematic analysis of the data revealed that sustainable financial practices significantly contribute to market expansion, revenue growth, improved resource management, and brand recognition while aiding in overcoming challenges. However, small entrepreneurs face obstacles such as balancing shortterm financial needs with long-term sustainability, external environmental factors, and managing stakeholder expectations. The findings provide valuable insights into the benefits and barriers of sustainable financial practices, highlighting the need for strategic planning, stakeholder communication, and innovative funding solutions to foster business development.Publication Open Access Factors Affecting Sri Lankan Cinnamon Export Income(ICSDB 2024 and SLIIT Business School, 2024-12-10) Marasinghe, T.; Paranawithana, N.; Balthazaar, F.; Radeesha, M.; Wisenthige, K.; Jayathilaka, R.; Dabare, U.Ceylon cinnamon, renowned for its superior flavour and delicate appearance, faces distinctive challenges in the global market due to its higher cost and limited availability compared to cassia cinnamon. The major objective of this paper is to identify and analyse factors influencing the export income of Ceylon cinnamon in the areas of production volume, exchange rate, domestic consumption, and land area. The study quantifies the impact of these variables on export income by applying multiple linear regression analysis to data from the period 1992 to 2022 in Sri Lanka. The findings of this paper depict that variation in the exchange rate, domestic consumption, and land area significantly increase Ceylon cinnamon export income, indicating that cultivation and productivity do improve export earnings. On the other hand, it has shown that production volume negatively affects export income. This suggests that the quality and effective use of production outcomes are lower than expected, which adversely affects export volume and earnings. The research findings would, therefore, be of immense use to policymakers, exporters, and the industry in formulating strategies to enhance the cinnamon export sector in Sri Lanka. Key factors that would help stakeholders include interventions targeting production efficiencies, currency risk management, and maintaining a balance between domestic demand and international market dynamics. The research also fills gaps in the literature by focusing on Ceylon cinnamon and its export dynamics, thereby contributing to the sustainable growth and competitiveness of Sri Lankan’s agricultural export sectorPublication Open Access Factors Affecting Women Employment in Information Technology Industry: A Study in Global Context(ICSDB 2024 and SLIIT Business School, 2024-12-10) Ranasinghe, M.; Ashokkumar, S.G.; Vishara, S.; De Silva, S.; Karunarathna, N.; Kalansuriya, N.The global education sector is witnessing a surge in women pursuing Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) degrees, but the gender gap in employment of the information technology (IT) industry remains significant. This difference stems from several sociocultural elements, such as gender roles, norms, beliefs, and attitudes. This study aims to analyse the factors that affect women's career opportunities in IT sector by presenting its findings in an international setting. This study thoroughly examines the barriers that prevent women from entering and rising through the ranks of the IT sector. Due to the above-mentioned gender inequality, the underrepresentation of women in the IT sector also declines the industry access to tremendous talent and a variety of viewpoints. This research aims to assist the growth of a more equitable and inclusive IT sector by addressing the obstacles experienced by women in IT professions and creating an atmosphere that empowers women's involvement and leadership. Following chapters would comprehensively discuss over the globally identified factors that are affecting women employment in the IT sector and social aspects on it. Policymakers, business executives, academic institutions, and respective organizations may all benefit greatly from the findings of this study, which can support to develop programs and policies focused at removing obstacles to women's employment and their career progression in the IT industry. The ultimate goal of this study is to addresses the factors that are affecting women employment in the IT sector with findings from global studies and encourage to build a more inclusive and varied workforce, which can stimulate economic development, productivity, and creativity in IT sector.Publication Open Access Factors influencing the use of Robotic Process Automation Technology: A Study in the Sri Lankan Banking Sector(ICSDB 2024 and SLIIT Business School, 2024-12-10) Perera, W.P.S.S.M.; Hettiarachchi, G.D.A.S.; Ekanayake, E.W.M.D.Y.I.R.; Yapa, S.R.; Dias, S.M.D.T.H.The rapid changes in technology parallel the differences in the everyday life of human beings. Technology has significantly eased daily activities across various sectors, including education, communication, business, and the job industry. The research investigates the implementation of the Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in the banking sector in Sri Lanka. The study mainly focuses on the challenges and implementation of effective managerial practices, conducive banking processes and factors related to decision-making. The study took a quantitative approach, selecting 80 bank employees through stratified sampling to assure representation across bank departments, and distributing the survey questionnaire in person to obtain employee impressions of RPA deployment. A questionnaire for the employees is incorporated into the study as the primary research tool and the gathered information is statistically analyzed using SMART PLS. The research findings provide a critical importance of factors influencing the adoption of RPA technology within the Sri Lankan banking sector. Particularly, the study emphasizes the significance of Perceived Ease of Use and Management Support, while acknowledging both their strengths and weaknesses.Publication Open Access Impact of Green Supply Chain Practices on Sustainability in Sri Lankan Tea Export Sector: A Systematic Literature Review(ICSDB 2024 and SLIIT Business School, 2024-12-10) Medani, K.; Karunathilaka, N.; Thathsarani, H.; Liyanage, P.; Karunarathna, N.; Aluthwala, C.GSCM is one of the most crucial strategies that incorporate sustainability into operational and production practices. Based on this premise, the given systematic literature review examines how the key GSCM practices influence sustainability in Sri Lanka's tea export sector. This review identifies synthesized findings from various studies that the adoption of GSCM has led to a significant improvement in economic sustainability through a reduction in operational costs of up to 20%-and enhancing the ability of market competitiveness. In this regard, environmental concerns contribute by reducing resource consumption by up to 30% as waste is generated, promoting sustainable production processes. Socially, GSCM advances good labor practices and strengthens community involvement in the pursuit of better working conditions, improving relationships between the producers and local communities. With all these advantages, however, GSCM in the Sri Lankan tea export sector faces fluctuating global market prices, effects of climate change, and persistent labor shortages. These challenges are indicative that strategic interventions of the government to support and collaborate in the industry do become urgent to enhance sustainability. This review also points out one important limitation in relying on secondary sources of data and emphasizes that there is a dire need for empirical research to enhance the evidence base to provide actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders. In sum, this literature review underlined that GSCM played a vital role in the advancement of sustainability within the tea export sector and in providing a competing position of the industry in a global market for long-term viability in sustainabilityPublication Open Access The Impact of Supply Chain Challenges on Sustainable Efficiency in Sri Lankan Star Hotels: Literature Review(ICSDB 2024 and SLIIT Business School, 2024-12-10) Karunarathna, P.; Meeriyagalla, B.; Samadhini, A.; Vithanage, M.; Kuruppu, C.; Kalansuriya, N.Sustainable practices have become increasingly important in a variety various business, especially the hotel industry in Sri Lanka. The aim of this research is to identify the impact of supply chain challenges on sustainable efficiency in star hotels in Sri Lanka. Further, this study identified the factors affecting sustainable efficiency where the researcher has identified logistics and transportation, waste management, stakeholder pressure and technology adoption impact to the sustainability in star hotels. This study addresses only Western Province Star hotels in Sri Lanka because, the research problem addresses the critical question of how supply chain challenges impact on sustainable efficiency in star hotels in Sri Lanka. Western Province was selected by researchers because there are more issues in the supply chain of star hotels in urban areas. As the gap of this research, very limited consideration is given to hotel industry. There are limited research articles that comprehensively focus on supply chain challenges based on sustainable efficiency. The researchers focus on specific challenges such as logistics and transportation, waste management, technology adoption, stakeholder pressure are integrated into supply chain side in Sri Lankan star hotels. The research focused on all-star-rated hotels in Sri Lanka as the population, with a particular emphasis on the 53star hotels located in the Western Province. To determine the sample size, cluster sampling techniques were employed, targeting specific groups within this region. The study adopted a quantitative data collection method, and the data analysis to conduct using multiple linear regression analysis. This research goes by through the deductive approach. This research is supportive for each manager who works in the star hotel sector in Western Province star hotels.Publication Open Access The Influence of Climate Change and Foreign Direct Investment on Aquaculture: A Panel Data Approach for Top-Producing Countries(ICSDB 2024 and SLIIT Business School, 2024-12-10) Dilakshi, L.B.I.; Kariyawasam, N.G.; Senevirathna, S.R.A.; Vidumini, B.G.A.; Wickramasinghe, Y.; Wisenthige, K.; Jayathilaka, R.Aquaculture production is the major subdivision of the marine industry, indicating a critical sector in global food security and economic development. The objective of the current study is to discover the impact of Climate change and Foreign Direct Investments on Aquaculture Production in 10 major producers. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, major aquaculture-producing nations are China, India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Indonesia, Norway, Chile, Egypt, the Philippines, and South Korea. The panel regression model was implemented to quantify the influence of the variables on Aquaculture Production in major 10 aquacultures producers’ gathered data from 1972 to 2022. To check the stability and stationery according to the major assumptions of the Ordinary Least Squared model, the Levin-Lin-Chu test, F-test, Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier test, and Hausman test were conceded from this study. Furthermore, the study was conducted to regulate the most relevant model among Pooled Ordinary Least Square, Fixed effect Model, and Random Effect Model. The findings from the descriptive statistics showed that the overall standard deviation specifies significant differences in Aquaculture Production across the preferred areas. Finally, the results shows that both climate change and Foreign Direct Investment has a significant positive impact on Aquaculture Production in top 10 producing nations.Publication Open Access Investigating the Role of Organizational Culture in Facilitating the Technology Adaptation: A Study of Global Information Technology Industry(ICSDB 2024 and SLIIT Business School, 2024-12-10) Kodithuwakku, T.; Mathew, M.; Samaraweera, I.; Gamage, S.; Thelijjagoda, S.; Samarakkody, T.For decades, technological advancements and digitization have captivated academics and professionals. Digitalization has brought a transformed organizational efficacy and business operations, and the adoption of these technologies has become a necessity for industries to remain relevant and maintain their competitive edge. In the implementation of digital transformations in companies, more attention has been paid only to infrastructure and technologies, and in some cases, organizational culture and its role have been overlooked, and there is little discussion about them. The information technology sector is a rapidly growing industry in the world which heavily utilizes novel technologies. Thus, there is a necessity to identify the appropriate organizational culture for the Informational technology sector. With this understanding, this study has been conducted to identify the role of organizational culture in the global Information Technology sector. The comprehensive literature review was conducted to assess the type of organizational culture and key characteristics of the organizational culture of the information technology industry. The methodology for the study consisted of conducting a systematic literature review on literature focused on the areas of organizational culture and technological innovation that were sourced from the Scopus databases including Scopus Science Direct, Pearson, IEEE, Emerald Insight, Willey e-books, Taylor and Francis, Research Gate, and Google scholar. A total of 26 articles were selected for the final analysis from the 46 papers that were chosen. According to the findings from past studies in this field, this study concludes the need for a strong organizational culture that values innovation, adaptability, and risk-taking. These characteristics are essential for the navigating challenges of digital transformation. Most researchers have defined cultures with these characteristics as innovative cultures of digital culture. Managers and decision-makers in the industry, technology transition-related project implementation teams and scholars may benefit greatly from the findings of the study, which can help outline programs and policies focused on removing obstacles to technology adaptation in the IT industry. The goal of this research is to advance a more inclusive organizational culture for the industry to persist in the constantly changing digital landscape.Publication Open Access Investigation of the Carbon Offsetting Targets Towards Sustainability: A Focus on 3PL Companies(ICSDB 2024 and SLIIT Business School, 2024-12-10) Erandika, T.; Pallawala, T.; Wijesinghe, A.; Perera, D.; Karunarathna, N.; Kalansuriya, N.This study examines the carbon emission reduction goals of third-party logistics (3PL) firms for sustainable activities, assessing their effectiveness and impact on sustainability. It explores the goals and methods used by these companies, their implementation challenges, and the potential effects on sustainability outcomes like reduced emissions, improved operational efficiency, and increased stakeholder participation. This aims to understand how 3PL companies reduce their carbon footprints and identify opportunities. This study examines the leading 3PL providers in the global content market using a comprehensive analysis of literature articles. The effect of carbon footprints on efficiency in third-party logistics companies is examined in the present research. With an emphasis on carbon mitigation, the effects of carbon footprints on organisations, and the tactics 3PL entities employ to lower their carbon footprints, it included 76 research publications during 2019–2024. The study examines supply chain management, sustainability, and emission reduction using the theories of carbon management, stakeholders, and the environment. The outcomes demonstrate how well the retention of carbon techniques works to raise industrial sustainability standards. This study evaluates the interest and difficulties experienced by 3PL companies by comparing the results with those of other countries. Consequently, the goal of the research is to raise the general understanding of environmental issues and accomplish long-term sustainability objectives in the transportation industry, as a finding of this research, Direct, indirect, and fugitive carbon footprints have considerable impacts on the environment and economy. Compared to individuals, businesses are more responsible for global warming, which damages infrastructure, disrupts supply chains, and lowers productivity. 3PL companies can employ carbon mitigation strategies, such as waste reduction, renewable energy investments, and environmentally friendly transportation while interacting with stakeholders and governments to minimise the negative environmental effects. Likewise,20% of the world's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions come from the transportation sector, which includes 3PL companies.Publication Open Access Managing Resistance to Change in Organizations: A Critical Review of Strategies and Best Practices(ICSDB 2024 and SLIIT Business School, 2024-12-10) Dias, T.; Jayawickrama, P.With the advancement of new technologies, change has become a necessary survival strategy in several industries. To survive in this unpredictable business environment, it is necessary to have a deep understanding about change management. In spite of commonness of changes happening in organizations, a considerable number of change initiatives have failed. As the perspective about change is different from an individual to an individual, most of the time organizations come across resistance from the employees. This research article explores the causes, effective strategies, and methods to overcome the resistance to change within the organizations. Aiming to provide an insightful understanding of organizational change, change management theories, processes through the literature review. This research is an outcome of several journals that have been published. Around fifty journal articles have been gathered from various platforms such as ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, Harvard review. The result of the discussion discovers the fear of employees for the change and ways to navigate resistance effectively and implement successful change initiatives by providing practical recommendations for managing resistance, with aid of leaders, manager and change agents.